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i + NETWORK TERMINOLOGIES
There are several terms related to a computer network. Let us discuss some of them.
Server
A server is also called host computer. It controls the access to the hardware and software on the
network. It provides a centralised storage area for the programs, data and information.
• The server which performs a specific task is called a dedicated server.
• The server which manages the printers and documents being printed is called the print server.
• The server which stores and provides the access to a database is called a database server.
• The server which manages the network traffic is called a network server.
• The server which delivers the requested web pages to our computer is called a web server.
Client
It is a computer which depends on the server for all the resources. For example, a server might
store a network version of Excel program. Every client on the network can access the Excel
program from the server.
Internet
Internet is a global network of millions of computers and computer networks all over the world.
It allows us to access and share information over the network. The Internet contains billions of
web sites to provide information.
Intranet
A computer network that is used for sharing information, devices and other computing services
only within an organisation is called Intranet.
URL
It stands for Uniform Resource Locater. It is the address of a website like www.google.com and
www.rediffmail.com.
It identifies the location of a web site or a web page on the Internet. Each web page has a unique
address called URL that identifies its location on the Internet. Web browsers utilizes the URL to
open or to retrieve files on Internet. The format of a URL consists of different parts.
The first part of the address (URL) indicates the protocol or service being used. It gives information
to the browser about the type of server to connect to and by which protocol.
The second part of the URL is a Full Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) which identifies the web
address running on the server.
The third part is the path name that refers to the location of files. The path name is always
preceded by single slash ‘/’ after the domain name. The fourth part is the file extension.
URLs can be categorized into: Absolute URL and Relative URL.
ISP
It stands for Internet Service Provider. It is a company that provides Internet access on payment
of a monthly fee. Some of the ISPs are Airtel, Idea, BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited), MTNL
(Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited.), Jio, etc.
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Computer Networking

