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•  Data contained in different areas of a worksheet

                 •  Data on other worksheets in the same workbook
                 To see how this works, follow the given steps:


                                                 3  Type =A1*2 in the Formula bar and
                                                 press the Enter key.





                                                                                            1  Enter 10
                                2  Click on                                                 in cell A1.
                               cell A2.



                 The value in cell A2 is 20.
                 If you change the value in cell A1 from 10 to any value, the value in cell
                 A2 will also change.
                 Cell references are especially helpful when you create complex formulas.
                 There are three types of cell references used in Excel: relative, absolute, and mixed.

                 Relative References


                 It is based on the position of the cell in which the formula is typed with respect to the cell address
                 of the formula. When we copy or move the formula to other cells, the reference (cell address)
                 automatically changes according to the relative position of cells in consideration.
                 To use the relative cell reference, follow the given steps:


                                           2  Click on the Copy command.




                     4  Click on
                    the Paste
                    command.


                                                                                                 3  Select another
                                                                                                 cell in which you
                                                                                                 want to copy the
                                                                                                 formula.


                                                                    1  Select the cell that contains
                                                                    the formula in which the
                                                                    reference of other cells is used.

                 Absolute References

                 It is applied when a user does not want to change the value while copying the formula with cell
                 address to another cell. To apply an absolute cell reference, a ‘$’ (dollar) sign is prefixed before
                 the row number and/or the column name in the cell address. (i.e. $ sign fixes the value).


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                                                                              Spreadsheet—Functions and Charts
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