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                   Programming and Computer Software, founded in 1975, is devoted to providing
                   solutions  to  problems  in  all  areas  of  computer  science:  operating  systems,
                   compiler technology, software engineering, artificial intelligence, etc.

                 Assembler

                 An assembler is a program used to translate assembly language into machine
                 language (0s and 1s) so that the computer can understand it.

                 Compiler

                 A compiler is a software that converts the entire source program into machine
                 language before executing it. It displays the errors for the whole program
                 together.

                 Interpreter

                 An interpreter is a separate program that converts the entire source program into
                 machine language before executing it. An interpreter translates and executes one
                 statement at a time. It displays the errors one line at a time and it goes to the next

                 line only after the error is corrected.
                 Utility Software

                 Utility software are provided as a part of the operating system. They are specifically

                 designed to manage the computer hardware, operating system and application
                 software. Some of the utility software are:
                 Backup Utility

                 Backup utility software  or  backup  software  is a computer  program  that  copies

                 your files, folders, databases, or even your entire system for emergency. Windows
                 Backup and Restore is the default Windows backup utility.
                 Data Compression Program

                 It is used to compress a large file into a file of smaller
                 size and can be transferred from one computer to

                 another so that it occupies less space and is easy to
                 store. Winzip and Winrar are examples of this software.                   Winzip          Winrar
                 Disk Defragmenter

                 The memory of a computer is divided into

                 small blocks. The files are stored in continuous
                 blocks of space on the hard disk. When a file
                 is deleted from the computer, a part of that
                                                                           Fragmented Disk      Defragmented Disk

                                                                                            Computer Software      21
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