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                    ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and ROBOTICS






                Humans or Homo Sapiens have been considered to be intelligent species. That means, human
                brain has the ability for reasoning, problem solving, and learning. For many Artificial Intelligence
                researchers, the ultimate goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to emulate the capabilities of the
                brain.


                     THE BIRTH OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
                Artificial Intelligence is a relatively new field in science & engineering. The gestation of Artificial
                Intelligence started in 1950. Alan Turing in his article “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”
                in 1950 introduced the Turing Test, machine learning, genetic algorithms, and reinforcement
                learning.
                John McCarthy first coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” in 1956 at Dartmouth conference,
                where a two month workshop was conducted on automata theory, neutral nets, and study of
                intelligence.


                     WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

                The English Oxford Living Dictionary gives
                the  definition  of  AI  as  “The  theory  and                           Neural
                development of computer systems able to                                Networks
                                                                         Cognitive
                perform  tasks  normally  requiring  human                                           Planning
                                                                          Systems
                intelligence, such as visual perception,
                speech recognition, decision making, and                              Artificial
                translation  between  languages”.  In  other       Knowledge                              Robotics
                                                                                    Intelligence
                words,  Artificial  Intelligence  is  an  area
                where computer science and engineering
                emphasise on creation of intelligent systems             Perception                 Machine
                                                                                       Natural      Learning
                that can work and react like humans. A                                Language
                lot of research has been carried on since                             Processing
                then. Artificial Intelligence researchers took
                                                                                  Artificial Intelligence
                ideas, viewpoints, and techniques from
                various fields like philosophy, mathematics, economics, neuroscience, psychology, computer
                engineering, cognitive science, linguistics, operation research, control theory probability and
                logic, etc.

                     IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

                Artificial Intelligence is being successfully implemented in:
                      Robotics Vehicles: Driverless robotic cars are outfitted with cameras,
                      radar,  and  laser  range  finders  to  sense  the  environment.  They  use
                      sophisticated software  to command and control the steering, brakes,
                      and accelerator, as well as to obey traffic rules.                                Robotic Car




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