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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and ROBOTICS
Humans or Homo Sapiens have been considered to be intelligent species. That means, human
brain has the ability for reasoning, problem solving, and learning. For many Artificial Intelligence
researchers, the ultimate goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to emulate the capabilities of the
brain.
THE BIRTH OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence is a relatively new field in science & engineering. The gestation of Artificial
Intelligence started in 1950. Alan Turing in his article “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”
in 1950 introduced the Turing Test, machine learning, genetic algorithms, and reinforcement
learning.
John McCarthy first coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” in 1956 at Dartmouth conference,
where a two month workshop was conducted on automata theory, neutral nets, and study of
intelligence.
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
The English Oxford Living Dictionary gives
the definition of AI as “The theory and Neural
development of computer systems able to Networks
Cognitive
perform tasks normally requiring human Planning
Systems
intelligence, such as visual perception,
speech recognition, decision making, and Artificial
translation between languages”. In other Knowledge Robotics
Intelligence
words, Artificial Intelligence is an area
where computer science and engineering
emphasise on creation of intelligent systems Perception Machine
Natural Learning
that can work and react like humans. A Language
lot of research has been carried on since Processing
then. Artificial Intelligence researchers took
Artificial Intelligence
ideas, viewpoints, and techniques from
various fields like philosophy, mathematics, economics, neuroscience, psychology, computer
engineering, cognitive science, linguistics, operation research, control theory probability and
logic, etc.
IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence is being successfully implemented in:
Robotics Vehicles: Driverless robotic cars are outfitted with cameras,
radar, and laser range finders to sense the environment. They use
sophisticated software to command and control the steering, brakes,
and accelerator, as well as to obey traffic rules. Robotic Car
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 143

