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    Measures Linear Acceleration: Provides data on changes in velocity.
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                      Compact and Robust: MEMS accelerometers are small and relatively durable.
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                  Disadvantages

                      Confounds Gravity and Acceleration: Cannot distinguish between acceleration due to gravity and acceleration due
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                      to actual motion without additional information or filtering. If a robot is falling, its accelerometer would read zero
                      acceleration relative to its own frame of reference.
                      Noise: Can be susceptible to noise from vibrations.
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                      Integration Errors for Position/Velocity: Integrating acceleration twice to get position (or once for velocity) accumulates
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                      errors rapidly, making it unsuitable for long-term position tracking without correction from other sensors.

                  Sensor Fusion: The Robot’s Holistic View
                  It is rare for a sophisticated robot to rely on just one type of sensor. Instead, New Age Robotics Systems employ sensor
                  fusion, a technique where data from multiple different sensors are combined and processed by AI algorithms to create
                  a more complete, accurate, and reliable understanding of the environment and the robot’s own state than any single
                  sensor could provide.

                                                                                    GPS speedometer,
                                                           RADAR
                                                         (long range)             accelerometer, compass
                                                                           Thermal imager

                                                           RADAR
                                                        (short range)
                                                                                Sensor Fusion

                                                           LiDAR

                                                                              Map         V2X
                                                           Vision                 “seeing around corners”
                                                                                 Other traffic, road conditions

                      Example: For a mobile robot, an ultrasonic sensor might detect an obstacle’s distance, a LIDAR sensor might create
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                      a detailed map of the room, and an accelerometer and gyroscope (in an Inertial Measurement Unit) might track
                      its own precise movements. An AI system fuses this data: the LIDAR map tells the robot where it is, the ultrasonic
                      sensor provides quick warnings about close objects, and the Inertial Measurement Unit refines its position tracking in
                      between LIDAR scans, resulting in highly robust navigation.
                  At last, sensors are the eyes, ears, and touch of a robot, providing the essential input for intelligent behaviour. Each type of
                  sensor has unique strengths and weaknesses, making their strategic combination through sensor fusion vital for building
                  robust, autonomous, and semi-autonomous robotic systems capable of navigating and interacting with our complex
                  world. Understanding these sensory inputs is as crucial as understanding the robot’s brain and muscles.
                  Batteries in Robotics: Powering Autonomous Operations

                  Just as humans need energy from food to perform tasks, robots need electrical energy to power their motors, sensors,
                  control units, and other electronic components. For mobile and autonomous robots that are not constantly plugged into a
                  power outlet, batteries serve as their portable energy reservoirs. The type of battery chosen for a robot is a critical design
                  decision, influencing everything from the robot’s weight and size to its operational lifespan and maintenance requirements.
                  Let’s explore two types of batteries commonly found in robotics applications:

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                  Touchpad Robotics - XI

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