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Page 139 - Toucpad robotics C11
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    B.  Fill in the blanks.
                        1.  Devices that cause movement in robots are called              .

                        2.  A                    motor provides precise position control.
                        3.  Ultrasonic sensors work on the principle of             waves.
                        4.  In a closed-loop system,                is used to correct errors.

                        5.  The main power source for mobile robots is usually a            .
                        6.  An open-loop system does not use                .

                        7.  A robot’s controller is similar to the            in a human body.
                        8.  IR sensors are commonly used for                 detection.

                        9.  A stepper motor moves in fixed                .
                        10.  The integration of sensors, controllers, and actuators forms a         system.

                     C.  State whether these statements are true or false.
                        1.  Servo motors are used when continuous unlimited rotation is required.

                        2.  Ultrasonic sensors can measure distances accurately using sound waves.
                        3.  Open-loop systems are always more accurate than closed-loop systems.
                        4.  A microcontroller acts as the controller in a robot.

                        5.  IR sensors can be used for obstacle detection.

                     D.  Match the Following:
                        1.  DC Motor                                  a.  Obstacle detection
                        2.  Servo Motor                               b.  Precise angular control
                        3.  Ultrasonic Sensor                         c.  Converts electrical to mechanical energy

                        4.  IR Sensor                                 d.  Distance measurement
                        5.  Controller                                e.  Brain of the system

                                                      SECTION B   (Subjective Type Questions)

                     A.  Short answer type questions.
                        1.  Define an actuator with one example.
                            Ans.   A device that converts electrical signals into mechanical motion. Example: DC motor.
                        2.  Differentiate between open-loop and closed-loop control systems.
                            Ans.  Open-loop runs without feedback (e.g., washing machine timer); closed-loop uses feedback to correct
                                 actions (e.g., air conditioner thermostat).
                        3.  What is the function of PWM in motor control?

                            Ans.  Pulse Width Modulation controls motor speed by varying the duration of voltage pulses.
                        4.  Mention two applications of ultrasonic sensors in robotics.
                            Ans.  (i) Obstacle avoidance in robots; (ii) Parking sensors in cars.

                        5.  Why are servo motors important in robotic arms?
                            Ans.  They allow robots to rotate joints to specific angles, crucial for precision in robotic arms.

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                                                                                                     Electrical and Control Systems

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