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    Advantages
                     Can cover large areas quickly, bypass ground obstacles entirely, provide aerial views.

                     Disadvantages
                     Limited payload capacity (for multi-rotors), sensitive to weather conditions (wind, rain), limited flight time
                     (battery life), safety concerns in populated areas.

                     Example
                     Delivery drones, surveillance drones, agricultural spraying drones, inspection drones.

                     Underwater Robots

                     Description
                     Robots designed to operate underwater, often using thrusters for
                     propulsion and buoyancy control.
                     Advantages

                     Access to underwater environments, exploration of marine life, inspection
                     of underwater infrastructure.
                     Disadvantages

                     Communication challenges (radio waves don’t travel well underwater), high pressure environments, limited visibility.
                     Example

                     Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) for deep-sea exploration, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for mapping
                     seabeds.
                     Power System

                        Crucial  for  autonomous  operation.  Mobile  robots  rely on onboard  batteries  (Lithium-ion  for  lightweight,  high-
                     u
                        performance; Lead-acid for heavy, robust systems) to power their motors, sensors, and computing units. The battery
                        capacity dictates the robot’s operational endurance.

                     Computing and Control Unit (The Mobile Brain)
                        A powerful microcontroller or single-board computer is needed to process sensor data, execute navigation algorithms,
                     u
                        make real-time decisions, and control the locomotion system and other actuators.
                        For highly autonomous robots, this unit runs complex Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms.
                     u

                                                    RoboBallet: AI Choreographs Robotic Arms in Factory Teams
                                          An AI system called RoboBallet, developed by UCL, Google DeepMind, and Intrinsic,
                                       teaches multiple industrial robot arms to work harmoniously like dancers—without collision!
                          BRAINY
                           FACT            Using reinforcement learning, RoboBallet coordinated eight arms across 40 tasks,
                                       outperforming traditional systems limited to five robots on ten tasks, and planned workflows
                                                                    in seconds instead of days.
                                              This marks a leap toward smarter, more flexible manufacturing automation.

                     Sensor Integration Techniques for Autonomous Mobile Robots
                     For a mobile robot to navigate autonomously, it needs to perceive its environment in detail. This involves integrating
                     multiple types of sensors and intelligently combining their data – a process known as sensor fusion.

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                                                                                                    Applications of Robotic Systems

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