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    Processor Fabrication: The microprocessors at the heart of the control unit are manufactured in highly specialised
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                      semiconductor fabrication plants (fabs). This involves incredibly intricate processes of creating microscopic transistors
                      on silicon wafers through photolithography, doping, and layering.
                      Impact of Precision: A tiny fault in the PCB layout or component placement can render the entire control unit non-
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                      functional or unreliable. Precision manufacturing ensures the integrity of electrical signals and the robust operation
                      of the robot’s brain.
                  Integration and Testing
                  After  individual components  are  manufactured,  they  are  assembled  with  great  care.  The mechanical  parts  are  put
                  together, actuators are integrated, sensors are mounted, and the control unit is connected. This is followed by rigorous
                  testing, both at the component level and for the entire assembled robot, to ensure that it performs as designed, meets
                  safety standards, and functions reliably in its intended environment. This often involves real-world scenario testing and
                  fine-tuning of software and calibration of sensors.
                  So, the journey from a conceptual idea of a robot to a functional, intelligent machine is a testament to sophisticated
                  engineering processes. System visualisation through CAD modelling allows engineers to design, simulate, and refine
                  every aspect in a virtual space, reducing risks and costs. Subsequently, precision manufacturing techniques transform
                  these digital blueprints into physical components – be it highly accurate gears for actuators, micro-scale sensing elements
                  for sensors, or complex circuit boards for control units – ensuring that the robot’s physical form is as precise and reliable
                  as its intelligent software. This meticulous approach is what enables the high performance and reliability of New Age
                  Robotics Systems.

                          REBOOT

                         Answer the following questions:

                         1.  Why do we call sensors the “eyes and ears” of a robot?
                         2.  Can you think of a task at home where a robot would be more efficient than a human?
                         3.  Why do you think robots are important in space exploration?

                         4.  If robots are machines, what makes them “different” from normal machines like fans or mixers?
                         5.  How do you imagine robots will change your life by 2040?

                  Relating Physics & Mathematics to Robotics: The Scientific Foundations

                  Robotics, at its heart, is an applied science that heavily relies on foundational principles from Physics and Mathematics.
                  These disciplines provide  the language  and tools  necessary to  understand  how robots  move,  interact  with their
                  environment, and make intelligent decisions. For every autonomous action a robot performs, there are complex physical
                  laws and mathematical computations happening behind the scenes.

                  Applying Physics Principles for Motion, Forces, and Control

                  Physics is the study of matter, energy, space, and time, and it provides the fundamental laws governing how things
                  move and interact. In robotics, understanding these laws is crucial for designing a robot that can move efficiently, handle
                  objects, and safely interact with its surroundings.

                  Motion (Kinematics and Dynamics)
                      Kinematics: This branch of physics (and mathematics) deals with the description of motion without considering the
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                      forces causing it. In robotics, kinematics is used to:

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                  Touchpad Robotics - XI

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