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    Structure of an Algorithm
                     Most algorithms follow a similar logical structure:

                                     Step                                       Explanation
                           Input                    Gather data from sensors or external sources.

                           Processing               Apply logic, calculations, or conditions.
                           Decision-making          Use comparisons or conditional statements to determine the next step.
                           Output/Action            Send signals to actuators (motors, LEDs, arms, etc.) or display the result.
                           End/Repeat               Stop or repeat the loop as needed.
                     Example: Temperature-Controlled Fan
                     1.  Start
                     2.  Read temperature from the DHT11 sensor
                     3.  If temperature > 30°C   Switch on fan

                     4.  If temperature ≤ 30°C   Switch off fan
                     5.  Repeat
                     6.  End
                     This simple example demonstrates how input (temperature) leads to logical decision-making and output (fan on/off).

                     Flowchart: The Visual Form of an Algorithm
                     An algorithm can be represented textually or visually. The visual representation is called a Flowchart.

                     A flowchart uses specific symbols to represent different types of instructions or decisions, helping students visualize the
                     logic easily.

                         Symbol           Purpose       Example                              Start
                      Oval            Start or End      Start / Stop

                      Parallelogram   Input or Output   Read sensor value
                      Rectangle       Process or Action  Move forward
                                                                                             Read
                      Diamond         Decision          Is obstacle detected?               A, B, C
                                                        Indicates direction of
                      Arrow           Flow of control
                                                        sequence
                                                                                     No               Yes
                                                                                              Is
                                                                                             A > B

                                                                          Yes             No     No              Yes
                                                                                 Is                        Is
                                                                                B > C                    A > C

                                                                   Print "B is the        Print "C is the       Print "A is the
                                                                  largest number"       largest number"        largest number"

                                                                                             Stop

                                                                                                                           37
                                                                                        Introduction to Robots: What Exactly are They?

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