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Page 27 - Toucpad robotics C11
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    Example: A delivery robot operating in a city uses GPS and Lidar to create a detailed map of its surroundings
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                        (mapping). It then uses localization algorithms to know exactly where it is on that map. When given a delivery
                        address, path planning algorithms calculate the safest and most efficient route, avoiding pedestrians, traffic, and
                        construction, and the robot executes this route using motion control.
                     The synergy between advanced sensors and sophisticated AI algorithms is what truly unlocks the potential of autonomous
                     and semi-autonomous robotics.
                     Autonomous vs. Semi-Autonomous Operation

                     The degree to which a robot can operate independently from human control defines its level of autonomy. It’s not a simple
                     “on/off” switch but rather a spectrum.

                                                           Autonomy from Start to Finish
                        Level          Concept                          Definition                       Who's in Control

                          0       Human Operation     The Operator controls the machine at all times.

                          1       Automation          The operator has overall control of the machine and
                                  (Function-specific)  is responsible for its safe operation, but can transfer
                                                      limited control over a specific function (like moving
                                                      a bucket or blade) to the machine.

                          2       Semi-autonomous     The machine accomplishes a subset of its defined
                                                      tasks  without  operator  interaction.  The operator
                                                      performs the remaining tasks.

                          3       Autonomous          The machine  accomplishes  all its  defined  tasks
                                                      without operator interaction and is responsible for
                                                      all safety-critical earthmoving functions.

                     Autonomous Robots
                        Definition: An  autonomous  robot is a robot  that  can operate  entirely  on its  own,  without  continuous  human
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                        intervention, once it has been given a task or a general goal. It can perceive its environment, make decisions, and act
                        independently to achieve its objectives.
                        Characteristics:
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                            High Level of Intelligence: Capable of complex reasoning, learning, and adaptation.
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                            Sophisticated Sensors: Extensive sensor suites to gather comprehensive environmental data.
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                            Robust Decision-Making  Algorithms: AI algorithms  that  allow it  to  handle  unforeseen  circumstances  and
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                            uncertain data.
                            Self-Correction: Ability to detect errors and correct its own actions.
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                        Examples:
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                            Self-Driving Cars (Level 5 autonomy): The ultimate goal is for these vehicles to navigate all road conditions
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                            and situations without any human input whatsoever. While true Level 5 cars are still in development, current
                            advanced prototypes show significant autonomous capabilities.
                            Robotic Vacuum Cleaners (e.g., Roomba): Once started, they map your home, navigate around furniture, clean
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                            designated areas, and return to their charging dock all by themselves.

                                                                                                                           25
                                                                                        Introduction to Robots: What Exactly are They?

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