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Page 103 - Toucpad robotics C11
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    2.  Differentiate between microcontroller and single-board computer.
                            Ans.  Microcontroller vs SBC: A microcontroller (like Arduino) has CPU, memory, and I/O on a single chip; an
                                 SBC (like Raspberry Pi) is a complete computer with higher processing power, used for complex tasks.
                        3.  What is pseudocode, and why is it important?
                            Ans.  Pseudocode: A simplified,  human-readable  version of an algorithm.  It helps bridge  the gap between
                                 thinking and coding.

                        4.  Draw and explain the symbol used for decision-making in a flowchart.
                            Ans.  Decision-making  symbol: A  diamond  shape  is  used  in  flowcharts to  represent  conditions  (e.g., “If
                                 temperature > 30°C?”).
                        5.  Mention two common programming languages used in robotics.
                            Ans.  Common programming languages: C/C++ (Arduino), Python (Raspberry Pi).

                        6.  Why are flowcharts considered useful in robotics programming?
                            Ans.  Flowcharts provide a visual representation of program logic, making it easier to debug and communicate.
                     B.  Long answer type questions.

                        1.  Explain in detail the role of computing systems in robotics.
                            Ans.  Computing systems in robots act as the brain, processing input from sensors, applying logic, and controlling
                                 actuators. They enable decision-making and autonomy.
                        2.  Discuss Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) with truth tables and examples.
                            Ans.  Boolean operators:
                                 ∑  AND: Output is 1 when all inputs are 1.
                                 ∑  OR: Output is 1 when any input is 1.
                                 ∑  NOT: Inverts input (0 becomes 1, 1 becomes 0). (Truth tables must be included).

                        3.  Compare Arduino and Raspberry Pi in terms of use in robotics.
                            Ans.  Arduino vs Raspberry Pi:
                                 ∑  Arduino: Microcontroller, used for real-time control of sensors/actuators.
                                 ∑  Raspberry Pi: SBC, capable of multitasking, running OS, used for AI, vision, IoT.
                        4.  Describe the step-by-step process of going from algorithm   flowchart   pseudocode   program.
                            Ans.  Steps:
                                 ∑  Algorithm: Step-by-step instructions.
                                 ∑  Flowchart: Graphical representation.

                                 ∑  Pseudocode: Structured plain-language logic.
                                 ∑  Program: Actual code (e.g., Arduino C or Python).
                        5.  Explain how microcontrollers interact with sensors and actuators in a robot.
                            Ans.  Microcontrollers collect data from sensors (temperature, light, distance), process it, and send signals to
                                 actuators (motors, LEDs) to perform actions.

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                     C.  Competency-based questions:     HOTS                                         Century   #Experiential Learning
                                                                                                      Skills
                        1.  Your robot must follow a black line on the floor. Write an algorithm, a flowchart, and pseudocode for this task.
                            Ans.  Line-following robot:
                                 ∑  Algorithm: Detect line   Adjust motor direction   Repeat.
                                 ∑  Flowchart: Start   Sensor reads   Is black line detected?   Yes: Move forward; No: Adjust left/right.

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                                                                                                              Computing System

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