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    Example: In a robotic surgery, a force/torque sensor on the surgical instrument allows the robot to provide feedback
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                      to the surgeon about the forces being exerted on tissues, leading to more precise and safer operations.
                  Other Important Sensors

                      Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs): Consist of accelerometers (measure acceleration) and gyroscopes (measure
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                      angular velocity). They are crucial for knowing a robot’s orientation, tilt, and movement, especially in drones, self-
                      balancing robots, and humanoid robots.
                      GPS (Global Positioning System): Used for outdoor navigation, providing the robot’s exact geographical location
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                      (latitude, longitude, altitude).
                      Microphones: For detecting sounds, speech recognition, and locating sound sources, enabling voice control for robots.
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                                                       Robot Sensors Comparison

                                    Sensor Type              Function          Applications         Example

                                                                             Object recognition
                                                           Capture visual
                                 Vision Sensors                              navigation, quality   Fruit sorting using
                                                            information        control, facial    image analysis
                                                                                recognition

                                                            Detect object   Collision avoidance
                                  Proximity/Distance       presence and    navigation, automated   Robotic vacuum
                                  Sensors                    distance         doors, parking     avoiding obstacles
                                                                                assistance

                                                           Detect physical   Grasping delicate
                                  Touch/Tectile Sensors   contact/pressure   objects, obstacle     Robotic hand
                                                                             detection, human-    picking up egg
                                                                             robot interaction

                                                         Measure forces and   precise manipulation,
                                  Force/Torque Sensors    rotational forces    robot safely,     Robotic providing
                                                                              assembly tasks      force feedback

                                                                             IMUs: Orientation
                                                         Varies depending on   and movement, GPS:   Drones using IMUs
                                  Other Sensors                             Outdoor navigation.
                                                             the sensor                             for stability
                                                                            Microphones: Sound
                                                                                detection.

                  The intelligent fusion of data from multiple sensors allows robots to build a comprehensive and robust understanding of
                  their dynamic environment, which is essential for autonomous operation.

                                                                AI Has Bias Because Humans Do
                                          AI is only as fair as the data it learns from. If the data contains biases—like stereotypes
                                            about gender or race—AI can unintentionally adopt those biases. For example, an
                            BRAINY
                             FACT           AI trained mostly on photos of men might perform poorly at recognizing women.
                                         This shows that AI reflects human society, flaws included. That’s why scientists are now
                                        working on ethical AI, which is trained carefully to avoid harmful biases and create fairer
                                                                     outcomes for everyone.

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                  Touchpad Robotics - XI

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