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    14.  How do surgical robots improve healthcare?
                            Ans.  They enable minimally invasive surgeries, high precision, reduced recovery time, and less human error.
                        15.  Differentiate between humanoid and social robots.

                            Ans.  Humanoids resemble human form (e.g., Atlas). Social robots focus on human interaction (e.g., Pepper).
                        16.  Why are exploration robots crucial in space science?
                            Ans.  They operate in hostile, unreachable environments, gather data, and reduce astronaut risks (e.g.,
                                  Mars Rovers).
                        17.  What is the importance of material choice in robot design?

                            Ans.  Materials affect strength, weight, cost, and efficiency. Example: aluminium for lightweight drones, steel
                                  for heavy arms.

                        18.  How can robots support agriculture?
                            Ans.  Through crop monitoring, precision spraying, harvesting, and soil analysis using drones and ground
                                  bots.
                        19.  Why is feedback essential in robotics?
                            Ans.  Feedback ensures accuracy, stability, and adaptability in tasks, e.g., robot arms maintaining correct
                                  grip force.
                        20. Explain the role of sensors as “robot senses.”
                            Ans.  Sensors act like human senses by detecting light, distance, sound, or touch, enabling robots to perceive
                                  environments.

                        21.  How does pseudocode help in robotics programming?
                            Ans.  It bridges human logic and machine code, ensuring clarity before writing actual program code.
                        22.  What is meant by the term “end-effector”?
                            Ans.  The tool attached at a robot’s arm end that interacts with the environment (gripper, welding
                                  torch, scalpel).
                        23.  How do underwater robots protect the environment?

                            Ans.  They detect oil leaks, monitor marine life, inspect pipelines, preventing ecological disasters.
                        24.  Why is balance between DOF and payload crucial?
                            Ans.  More DOF increases flexibility but reduces structural stability for heavy loads; balance ensures efficiency.
                        25.  Imagine you are designing a campus security robot. Which systems would you integrate?
                            Ans.  Mechanical mobility (wheels), sensors (IR, ultrasonic, camera), computing system (Raspberry Pi with
                                  AI vision), control system (closed-loop motor control), and applications (patrolling, surveillance).

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