Page 10 - Toucpad robotics C11

PAPER I: THEORY—70 MARKS
1. Introduction to Robotics
(i) What is a robot?
Understanding what robots are and how they operate autonomously or semi-autonomously using sensors and AI.

(ii) New Age Robotics Systems.
Advanced AI and machine learning applications in smart manufacturing, healthcare, and autonomous vehicles.
(iii) Components of Robots.
System Visualization, Design, and Creation, Utilizing CAD modeling and precision manufacturing to create sensors,
actuators, and control units.
(iv) Relating Physics & Mathematics to Robotics.
Applying principles for motion, forces, control, algorithms for programming, and problem-solving. Matrix
Operations: Essential for transformations, handling coordinate systems, and calculating rotations and translations
in robotic arms. Vectors and Vector Spaces: Used for calculating direction, force, and position in space, especially
in multi-dimensional tasks.
(v) Project Management.
Planning, execution, and monitoring, Ensuring robotic projects meet goals, are completed on time, within budget,
and adhere to quality standards.

2. Mechanical System
(i) Frames and Reference Frames.
Frames: In robotics and mechanical systems, representation of a coordinate system defining the position and
orientation of objects within that system, provide a reference for defining the movement and positioning of robotic
components.
Reference Frames: Understanding moving and fixed frames, crucial for robot movement and positioning.
Fixed Frames: These are stationary frames that serve as a stable reference point. For instance, in a robotic arm,
the base frame of the robot is often fixed to the ground, providing a constant reference for the entire system.

Moving Frames: These frames move along with the object they are attached to, allowing for dynamic reference
points. For example, each segment of a robotic arm may have its own moving frame, which changes position as
the arm moves.
(ii) Degrees of Freedom.
3D Modelling, designing structures by manipulating shapes in a virtual space, with the option to move, scale, and
rotate them along all three axes. TinkerCAD as a beginner-friendly, browser-based tool for creating 3D models.
Design of different structures using Tinker Cad.
(iii) Planar Mechanisms.
Planar mechanisms operate in a two-dimensional plane, typically with motion restricted to a single plane with real
life examples.
(iv) Spatial Mechanism.
Three-dimensional mechanisms, operate in three-dimensional space and allow motion in multiple directions with
real life examples(Qualitative with pictures).
(v) Robot Kinematics.
Planar open chain mechanism, Forward kinematics of different planar configurations, such as 2R and RP, allows
to compute the position based on the joint variables or displacements.
(vi) Different Components of Robot.
Examining frames, materials (MDF,acrylic, aluminum, steel), and wheel types (standard, castor, Mecanum,
Omni).