Page 18 - Toucpad robotics C11

How Robots Operate: The Core Components

To understand how a robot works, it’s helpful to break it down into its main functional parts, much like understanding the
different systems in the human body.

Mechanical Structure (The Body)

Manipulator: This is similar to a human
arm that has different joints and flexibility

End-effector: The end-effector represents the palm and
fingers of a human, meaning it can firmly grasp and
manipulate objects in the more advanced robotic arms

The Locomotor: In a human, muscles control the movement.
In a Robotic arm, motors control the movement with
Electric, either Hydraulic or Pneumatic energy resources

Actuator

This refers to the physical build of the robot, enabling it to move and interact with the physical world.
Manipulators and Actuators: These are the moving parts that enable the robot to perform actions.
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Actuators are the “muscles” of the robot, converting energy (usually electrical) into mechanical motion. Common
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actuators include:
� Electric Motors: Used in most robots for rotational movement (e.g., wheels, robotic arm joints).
� Hydraulic Systems: Use pressurised fluid for powerful, heavy-duty movements (e.g., large industrial robots,
construction machinery).
� Pneumatic Systems: Use compressed air for quick, lightweight movements (e.g., pick-and-place robots).
Manipulators are the arms or limbs of the robot, built from segments connected by joints, allowing a range
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of motion.
End-Effectors: These are the specialised “hands” or tools attached to the end of a robot’s manipulator, designed for
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specific tasks.
Grippers: For picking up and holding objects (e.g., in assembly lines).
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Welders: For joining metal parts (e.g., in car manufacturing).
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Sprayers: For painting or coating.
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Drills, cutters, cameras, sensors: And many more, depending on the application.
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Touchpad Robotics - XI