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BLOCKCHAIN


                 Blockchain refers to a decentralised system of recording information that makes it difficult or
                 impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. Every business runs on information and blockchain
                 is a shared ledger on which transactions are recorded and assets (tangible or intangible) in a
                 business network are tracked. Tangible assets include houses, cars, cash, lands, etc. and intangible
                 assets include intellectual property, patents, copyrights, branding, etc.

                 It is a distributed digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire
                 network of computers on the blockchain. Each block in a chain may contains a record of multiple
                 transactions. When a new transaction occurs, it is added to the blockchain and recorded in every
                 participant’s ledger. Anything that carries value can be recorded and tracked and can be traded on
                 a blockchain network ensuring transparency, security, and immutability in the exchange of assets.




                           ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

                 You have already read about artificial intelligence in earlier classes. AI is a branch of computer

                 science that aims at creating expert and intelligent computer systems which simulate certain
                 human qualities such as, learning, reasoning, communicating, seeing, hearing, and sensation. AI
                 is used to create intelligent machines that help us. AI is a part of almost everything we use today
                 such as smartphones, cars and banks. Some main areas of application of AI are:
                    Expert  System:  These are communicating  computer
                                                                                                      User
                   programs  that  solve  problems  which would  otherwise                           Interface
                   require  human expertise.  These programs replicate                                        User (not
                                                                                                    Inference   an expert)
                   the  reasoning process  of experts  in certain  areas.  For                       engine
                   example, PROSPECTOR was the first expert system that
                                                                                                    Knowledge
                   analysed geological data to identify and locate mineral                            base
                   deposits.                                                     Human    Knowledge
                                                                                 expert   engineer


                                                 Natural Language Processing: It is the study of methods by which
                                               computers can recognise and understand spoken or written human
                                               language. Speech recognition  software are an example  of NLP

                                               where computers translate spoken speech into text.


                   Intelligent Agents: It is a type of computer program that has built-in
                   intelligence which keeps a check on the work patterns, asks questions
                   and  performs tasks  on the  behalf of the  user.  A  simple  example  of
                   intelligent agents is when we search for something on the Internet.







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