Page 123 - Trackpad v5 class 5
P. 123

Artificial Intelligence is a term that fascinates people all over the world. Many organisations
            have devised their own forms of artificial intelligence. Before we discuss artificial intelligence,

            let us first try to understand what intelligence is.
            Intelligence can be defined as  the  mental capacity to acquire and apply knowledge.

            It includes the ability to learn from past experiences, adapt to new situations, reason,
            plan, solve problems, make decisions, retain information, recognise patterns, and use
            language to communicate. Humans possess all these abilities that make a human
            naturally intelligent.




                     ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

            Artificial Intelligence or AI refers to software technologies that give machines or robots the
            intelligence to perform tasks generally performed by intelligent beings. It is the ability of a
            robot or a machine to do tasks that usually require human intelligence. Speech recognition,

            decision-making, language translation, and
            visual perception are some examples of
            human intelligence that artificial intelligence         Name of first AI machine?
            may possess.




                     EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE


            Now, let us look at the times when Artificial Intelligence introduced in the past.

            IN THE 1950s

            John McCarthy was the first person to coin the term Artificial Intelligence in the DartMouth

            Conference  held in 1956. John McCarthy  is often known as the ‘Father of Artificial
            Intelligence’.


            IN THE 1970s

            The 1970s saw an expansion of the computer era with the development of much quicker
            and affordable machines,  with higher storage  capacity.  Their characteristics  include
            abstract thinking, self-recognition, and could accomplish natural language processing.

            The development of the intelligent robot WABOT (Waseda robot) possessing human-like
            characteristics began in Japan at Waseda University.



                 PURE        John McCarthy developed the LISP programming language in 1950s which was an
                 FACT        important breakthrough in machine learning.





                                                                                Evolution of Artificial Intelligence  121
   118   119   120   121   122   123   124   125   126   127   128