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Machine Language

            Machine language is the only language understood by the computer. It is also known as the first                                     LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR
            generation language (1GL). Machine language is very difficult for programmers to use because                              A language translator is a software that converts a high-level language program into a machine
            it only consists of two digits, 0 and 1, called binary digits or bits. Where the bit ‘0’ represents the                   language. There are three types of language translators:
            OFF state and the bit ‘1’ represents the ON state.
                                                                                                                                      ASSEMBLER
            Assembly Language
                                                                                                                                      An assembler is a program used to translate assembly language into machine language so that
            Assembly language is also known as second-generation language (2GL). It is the language                                   the computer can understand it. The assembler enables the computer to convert the assembly
            in which program codes are written in the form of alphanumeric symbols called 'Mnemonics'                                 language instructions into machine code, i.e., 0’s and 1’s.

            instead of 0 and 1. In the assembly language, a programmer writes abbreviations such as A for
            addition, C for compare, L for load, and M for multiply.                                                                  COMPILER
                                                                                                                                      A compiler reads an entire set of instructions written in a high-level language and then translates
            HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE                                                                                                       them into machine language. A major drawback of a compiler is that if there is an error in the

            High-level language  is  considered  to  be  closer to  human  beings.  It is  machine-independent.                       program, the programmer only comes to know after the entire program has been translated.
            However, they  need  to  be  translated  into  binary  or machine  language.  Programs  written  in
            high-level languages are called source code. Since the computer understands only 0s and 1s, all                           INTERPRETER
            high-level languages require a software called language processor or translator to convert the                            An interpreter reads one line of instruction at a time and translates it into machine language. Any
            instructions into machine language. Let’s discuss about some high-level languages.                                        error in the instruction is reported immediately and the programmer can correct it accordingly.
                                                                                                                                      It is slower than the compiler.
            Third-Generation Languages (3GL)
            In third-generation languages (3GL), the programmer writes a series of English like words that tell
            the computer what and how to accomplish. Many third-generation languages also use arithmetic

            operators such as * for multiplication and + for addition. Some early procedural 3GL are BASIC,
            PASCAL, C and FORTRAN. Some other advanced object-oriented 3GL are C++, Java, and C#.

            Fourth-Generation Languages (4GL)
            The  fourth-generation  languages  also use English-like statements.  They specify  what the
            program should accomplish without explaining how. 4GL is fast and requires less time and effort
            on the part of the programmer. In fact, 4GLs are so easy to use and programmers, with very little
            programming background can develop programs. Examples of 4GL are SQL, Perl, Python, etc.


            Natural Languages (5GL)
            The  fifth-generation  languages, also known as natural languages  are the  programming
            languages that have visual tools to develop a program. Examples of fifth-generation languages
            include Mercury, OPS5, and Prolog. Natural language is very easy to use. Natural languages are
            often associated with expert systems and artificial intelligence.




                    uiz   Bee        Which language is also known as computer's native language?
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