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LEFT(text,            It returns the specified number of characters   Input: =LEFT(“Touch”,3)
              num_chars)            from the left side of the text string.         Output: Tou

              RIGHT(text,           It returns the specified number of characters   Input: =RIGHT(“Touch”,3)
              num_chars)            from the right side of the text string.        Output: uch

                                                                                   Input: =LEN(“Touch”)
              LEN(text)             It returns the length of the text string.
                                                                                   Output: 5
                                                                                   Input: =UPPER(“Touch”)
              UPPER(text)           It converts the text string into uppercase.
                                                                                   Output: TOUCH

                                                                                   Input: =LOWER(”Touch”)
              LOWER(text)           It converts the text string into lowercase.
                                                                                   Output: touch


            For example, CONCATENATE () function:


                                                                          2  Type =CONCATENATE(A1,B1)
                                                                         function to concatenate two
                                                                         strings using cell reference.






                         1  Type this data.



            LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
            Some logical functions with their examples are given below.



                  Function                           Purpose                               Example



                                                                                   Input: =MAX(4,16,12,9)
              MAX(range)            It returns the largest value in the given range.
                                                                                   Output: 16

                                                                                   Input: =MIN(4,16,12,9)
              MIN(range)            It returns the smallest value in the given range.
                                                                                   Output: 4

                                                                                   Input: =AVERAGE(10, 12, 14)
              AVERAGE(range)        It returns the average of a range of values.
                                                                                   Output: 12

                                    It checks whether the given condition is met,  Percentage = 80
              IF(condition, value1,   and returns value1 if the condition evaluates  Input: =IF(Percentage >= 50,
              value2)               to  true,  and  returns value2  if the  condition  “Passed”, “Failed”)
                                    evaluates to false.                            Output: Passed






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