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MESH TOPOLOGY
                  In this topology, every single node in a network is connected to all the

                  other nodes or computers in the network. There are minimal chances of
                  network failure in this topology due to redundant connections.



                            NETWORKING TRANSMISSION MEDIA


                  Various components are interconnected with each other through some medium in a computer
                  network. The medium that enables you to transfer data from one computer to another is
                  known as a transmission medium. The cables that connect two or more workstations are the
                  communication channels. Computers in a small network can be connected by cables (mostly
                  copper conductors in twisted pairs or coaxial cables). Nowadays, optical fiber cables are also
                  used for networking due to their higher speed and capacity.

                  We  can group  communication  media  into  two  categories:  Guided transmission  media  and
                  unguided transmission media. The guided media includes cables and unguided media includes
                  waves.

                  GUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA

                  Guided transmission media refers to communication channels that are confined to a specific path
                  or medium. Different types of guided transmission media are as follows:
                     Twisted Pair Cable: It consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together. It is used to
                    make phone calls and to connect your computer or tablet to the internet.
                     Coaxial  Cable: It contains  a central conductor
                    surrounded by an insulator and a shield. It is used
                    to  connects  satellite  dishes to  TV  receivers  and

                    to  connect  cable  modems  to  the  internet  service
                    provider.
                     Fiber Optic Cable: It uses glass or plastic fibers to
                    transmit light pulses. It is used to provide very fast
                    internet connections.

                  UNGUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA

                  The unguided transmission media are categorised into two types: long distance wireless and
                  short distance wireless media.

                  Long Distance Wireless Media

                  It can support communication over longer distances up to thousands of kilometres. Long distance
                  wireless communication media includes microwaves, radio waves, and satellites.
                     Microwaves: It refers to microwave radio transmission which is commonly used to send signals

                    from the earth to the satellites and vice-versa. These wavers are also used for deep space
                    communications, radar systems, radio astronomy, etc.


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