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The components of a communication system are:
Sender: A sender is a device (usually a computer) that wants to send information to another
computer connected to the network.
Receiver: A receiver is a device that is receiving data from another device on the network.
Transmission Medium: The transmission medium, usually a wired connection such as a cable
(e.g., Ethernet), is what enables you to transfer data from one computer to another. Wireless
communication between networked computers and peripherals is also possible using Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, or other wireless technologies.
Message: A message is the information or data that needs to be transferred from one device
to another.
Protocol: A protocol is a set of standard rules used for communication.
REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPUTER NETWORKING
To establish a computer network, we need some peripherals. Let us take a look at some of the
peripherals required to establish a network.
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
The NIC connects a computer to a network and allows it to
communicate with other computers on the network.
HUB
A hub is a networking device that allows us to connect multiple
computers to a single network. A hub works on the physical layer of the
OSI model. It takes the input data from one of the ports and broadcasts
the information to all other ports connected to the network. It has no
decision-making capability, so it's a non-intelligent device. Only one transmission takes place on
a network at a particular time.
SWITCH
A switch has a decision-making capacity, so it is called
an intelligent device that works in the data link layer of
the OSI model. It has knowledge of the MAC addresses
(machine addresses) ports in the network. A switch is a
secure device that establishes a link between the sender
and the receiver, based on the machine addresses to
transmit information.
Networking Concepts 9

