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Assembler
An assembler is a program that translates assembly language into machine
language so the computer can understand it.
Compiler
A compiler is a program that converts the entire source program written in a
high-level programming language into machine language all at once before
running it. It compiles the entire code and provides a list of errors for the whole
program after the compilation process is complete.
Interpreter
An interpreter is a program that converts a source program into machine language
one statement at a time as it runs. Unlike a compiler, which translates the entire
program before execution, an interpreter translates and executes each statement
line by line. It shows errors one at a time, and typically, it stops execution until the
current error is fixed before moving on to the next line.
Utility Software
Utility software comes with the operating system or can be installed separately. It helps
manage the computer's hardware, operating system, and application software. Here
are some examples:
Backup Utility
This software creates backup copies of files to prevent data loss in emergencies.
For example, Windows Backup and Restore is the default backup tool in the
Windows operating system.
Data Compression Program
This software reduces the size of large files,
making them easier to store and transfer. For
example, WinZip and WinRAR are popular tools
for compressing files.
Disk Defragmenter
A computer's memory is divided into small blocks. Files are saved in continuous
blocks on the hard disk. When a file is deleted, the space it occupies becomes free.
New files are saved in the first available
free space. Over time, files get scattered
in different places, which can slow down
the computer. The Disk Defragmenter
reorganises these scattered files into
continuous blocks to make the computer
run faster.
Computer Software 21

