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Abacus—First Calculating Device

                  The first step in computing began about 3,000 years ago in China

                  with the invention of the Abacus. It is a wooden frame with beads
                  on wires that can be moved to do basic calculation, like adding
                  and subtracting. This device helps in calculating numbers quickly.


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                   Abacus is also used in schools as an aid in teaching the numeral system.



                  Pascaline Adding Machine


                  In 1642, the mathematician Blaise Pascal
                  invented a calculating machine called
                  the  Pascaline. Numbers were entered
                  by turning wheels on the machine. This
                  device was considered the world’s first

                  mechanical calculator. It could only
                  perform addition and subtraction.


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                   In 1617, John Napier invented the calculating device called Napier Bones. It was
                   able to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.




                  Leibniz Step Reckoner

                  In  the  beginning  of  1670s,  mathematician

                  Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invented the ‘Step
                  Reckoner,’ a digital mechanical calculator. It
                  was the first calculator capable of performing
                  all four basic arithmetic operations: addition,

                  subtraction, multiplication, and division.
                  Difference Engine and Analytical Engine


                  In 1822, mathematician Charles Babbage created a steam-powered
                  calculating machine called the  Difference Engine, which was as
                  large as a room. Despite working on it for 10 years, the machine was

                  never completed.




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