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Low-Level Language (LLL)

                  A low-level language is machine-dependent programming language. Programs written in a
                  low-level  language  are  designed  to  run  on  just  one  type  of  computer  and  are  not  easily
                  transferred to other types of computer. There are two main categories of low-level languages:
                  Machine language and Assembly language.
                  Machine Language


                  Machine language is the only language understood by the computer. It is also known as First
                  Generation Language  (1GL). Machine language is very difficult for programmers to use because
                  it only consists of two digits, 0 and 1, called binary digits or bits, where the bit '0' represents the
                  OFF state and the bit '1' represents the ON state.
                  Assembly Language

                  To address the challenges of machine language, assembly language was introduced. It is known
                  as a Second-Generation Language (2GL), it uses alphanumeric symbols called ‘Mnemonics’
                  rather  than  just  0s  and  1s.  In  assembly  language,  programmers  use  abbreviations  like  A  for

                  addition, C for compare, L for load, and M for multiply. This is why it is also referred to as a
                  ‘Symbolic Language’.
                  High-Level Language (HLL)

                  A high-level language is a programming language that allows programmers to write programs
                  that are machine-independent. These languages are considered high-level because they are
                  closer to human languages than machine languages. High-level languages are easier to read,
                  write and maintain compared to low-level languages. They are divided into three main categories:

                  Third-Generation Languages, Fourth-Generation Languages, and Natural Languages.
                  Third Generation Languages (3GL)

                  In  Third-Generation  Languages  (3GLs),  programmers  use  English-like  words  to  instruct  the
                  computer on what to do and how to do it. These languages often include arithmetic operators
                  such as * for multiplication and + for addition, making programming simpler. Examples of early
                  procedural 3GLs include BASIC, PASCAL, C, and FORTRAN. More advanced object-oriented 3GLs
                  include C++, Java, and C#.

                  Fourth Generation Languages (4GL)

                  Fourth-Generation  Languages  (4GLs)  also  use  English-like  statements,  but  they  focus  on
                  what the program should achieve rather than how to do it. They are designed to be fast and
                  require less time and effort from the programmer. Because of their simplicity, even those
                  with minimal programming experience can develop programs using 4GLs. Examples include
                  SQL, Perl, Python etc.

                  Natural Languages (5GL)

                  Fifth-Generation  Languages,  also  known  as  natural  languages,  use  visual  tools  to  develop
                  programs. For example, Mercury, OPS5 and Prolog.



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