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Sound Card

                  A sound card is an important hardware component located inside the
                  CPU case. Its main function is to convert  analog  sound signals into
                  digital data and vice versa, allowing the computer to produce audio
                  output.  This enables the computer to play music  and other  sounds
                  through connected output devices, such as speakers or headphones.
                  The sound card has various audio ports to easily connect these devices,
                  ensuring smooth audio playback.

                                              Video Card

                                              A video card, also known as a graphics card, is an expansion card
                                              designed to convert digital data into video signals and vice versa.
                                              This conversion allows for the display of visual output on monitors
                                              and TVs. In addition to basic video output, a video card enhances
                                              image and video quality, improving graphics performance. It includes
                                              its own processing and memory capabilities, making  it crucial  for
                                              rendering high-quality visuals in games, videos, and other graphic-
                                              intensive applications.

                  External Hardware Components

                  External hardware components, also known as peripheral devices, are devices located outside
                  the CPU box/cabinet. These devices connect to the computer through ports or wirelessly and can
                  be classified into three categories:

                                                  External Hardware Components






                                Input Devices              Output Devices               Storage Devices



                  Let us discuss these in detail.
                  Input Devices

                  A computer receives data and instructions through input devices. This data can be in various
                  forms, including numbers, text, sound, or graphics. Some examples of input devices include:

                     Keyboard: The primary input device for
                     computers,  a  keyboard  resembles a  traditional
                     typewriter  with  buttons  known  as keys. By
                     pressing these keys, users can enter data in the
                     form of words and numbers.

                     A standard keyboard has 104 keys, which can be classified as follows:
                     •    Alphanumeric keys: (A-Z, a-z, 0-9)




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