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Name Size (bits) Examples
Bit 1 0 or 1
Nibble 4 1010, 1001
Byte 8 11001001, 00110011
Word 16 1010101010101010,
1111000011110011
In a binary number, if the last digit is 1, the number is odd. If the last digit is 0, the number is
even. For example, the binary number 1001 represents the odd number 9, while 1110 represents
the even number 14.
To understand how to form binary numbers, note that the binary system uses only two digits:
0 and 1, giving it a base of 2. Each digit, or bit, can be either 0 or 1. Binary digits combine to
represent various quantities, such as 1001. In binary, the positional value of each digit is twice the
place value or face value of the digit to its right. The weight of each position in a binary number
is a power of 2.
The place value of the digits according to position and weight is as follows:
Position 3 2 1 0 –1 –2
.
Weights 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 –1 2 –2
Boost Bits
A single binary digit, either '0' or '1', is known as a 'bit'. For instance, the sequence 11010 is
made up of five bits. The term 'bit' is a combination of the words 'binary' and 'digit'.
Octal Number System
The octal number system has a base of 8 and uses 8 digits: 0 to 7. Each place in an octal number
represents a power of 8. For example, (345)₈ is an octal number. Octal makes long binary numbers
shorter and simpler.
Position 2 1 0 -1 -2
.
Weight 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 -1 8 -2
Hexadecimal Number System
The hexadecimal system has a base of 16 and uses 16 symbols: 0 to 9 and A to F. The letters A to F
mean 10 to 15. Each place in a hexadecimal number represents a power of 16. For example, (764)₁₆ is
a hexadecimal number. Hexadecimal helps make long binary numbers easier to read.
Position 2 1 0 -1 -2
.
Weight 16 2 16 1 16 0 16 -1 16 -2
Number System 23

