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There are four types of number systems, which are as follows:

                      1.  Decimal number system                              3.  Octal number system
                      2.  Binary number system                               4.  Hexadecimal number system
                  The decimal number system is commonly used in everyday life, but computers use the binary
                  number system. Additionally, computers also utilise the octal and hexadecimal number systems.
                  Decimal Number System

                  The decimal number system is a standard method for representing numbers using ten digits: 0
                  to 9. This system, with a base of 10, is the most widely used. For example, (217)  is a decimal
                                                                                                       10
                  number.
                  In this system, each digit's value depends on its position and weight. The positions of digits to
                  the left of the decimal point are positive, starting with 0 for the first digit, 1 for the second, and
                  so on. Digits to the right of the decimal point have negative positions, starting with -1 for the first
                  digit, -2 for the second, and so forth. The place value of the digits is determined by their position
                  and weight as follows:

                   Position                  2            1            0                    -1            -2
                                                                                    .
                   Weight                   10 2         10 1         10 0                  10 -1         10 -2

                  To determine the value of a number, you multiply each digit by the weight of its position and
                  sum the results. This process is known as the expansion method. The rightmost digit has the
                  lowest weight and is called the Least Significant Digit (LSD), while the leftmost digit has the
                  highest weight and is known as the Most Significant Digit (MSD). For example, in the number
                  724, the digit 7 is the MSD, and the digit 4 is the LSD.
                  The table below illustrates the positional weight of the decimal number (724) :
                                                                                                   10
                   Place Value                  Weights           Real Value of Each Digit              Result

                   Hundreds                        10 2                     7 × 10 2                     700
                   Tens                            10 1                     2 × 10 1                      20

                   Units                           10 0                     2 × 10 0                       4

                  Binary Number System

                  Computers are made up of tiny parts like transistors and switches that can be either ON or OFF.
                  These two states are shown using the numbers 0 and 1, called binary digits. Every instruction
                  given to a computer is turned into these binary digits so the computer can understand and carry
                  out the task. This system of 0s and 1s is called binary language, which is the basic language that
                  computers understand.

                  The term 'binary' comes from the prefix 'bi,' which means two, as seen in words like 'bicycle' (two
                  wheels) or 'binocular' (two eyes). Binary numbers use a base of 2.
                  A binary number is composed of only 0s and 1s.
                  An example of a binary Number: 110100

                  There is no digit like 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 in binary numbers.



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