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The function name must be valid.
The function must be followed by opening and closing parentheses ().
Categories of Functions
Excel provides several categories of functions to help users perform various tasks ranging from
simple calculations to complex data analysis. Some of them are as follows:
Mathematical Functions: These functions perform basic mathematical operations, such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.
Statistical Functions: These functions are used for statistical analysis and include measures
of central tendency, distribution, probability, etc.
Text Functions: These functions are used for manipulating text strings, such as combining,
trimming, changing the case of text, etc.
Logical Functions: These functions are used to perform logical tests and return logical values
(TRUE or FALSE).
Date and Time Functions: These functions help work with dates and times, allowing users to
extract and manipulate date and time information.
Lookup and Reference Functions: These functions are used to search for and return
information from a specific range or table.
Financial Functions: These functions are used for financial calculations, such as those
involving interest rates, loan payments, investments, depreciation, etc.
Information Functions: These functions return information about the data or the format,
location, or content of a cell.
Mathematical Functions
Function Purpose Example
Input: =SUM(4,8,12,16)
SUM(range) It returns the sum of a range.
Output: 40
It multiplies the values in a range Input: =PRODUCT(4,2,8)
PRODUCT(range)
of cells. Output: 64
It returns the remainder after a Input: =MOD(8,5)
MOD(number, divisor)
number is divided by the divisor. Output: 3
It returns the square root of the Input: =SQRT(81)
SQRT(number)
given number. Output: 9
It rounds the number to nearest Input: =INT(14.25)
INT(number)
integer value. Output: 14
It returns the result of a number Input: =POWER(5,3)
POWER(number, power)
raised to some power. Output: 125
ROUND(number, It returns a number after rounding Input: =ROUND(35.666,2)
number_of_digits) to the specified digits. Output: 35.67
It returns the absolute value of a Input: =ABS(-25)
ABS(number)
given number. Output: 25
Spreadsheet—Functions and Charts 23

