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Binary numbers can also represent text characters through the American Standard Code for
Information Interchange (ASCII). For example, the binary code for the ASCII uppercase letter 'A'
is 1000001.
PURE ASCII is made up of 128 symbols in the character set. These symbols consist of letters (both
FACT uppercase and lowercase), numbers, punctuation marks, special characters and control
characters.
CONDITIONS IN A PROGRAM
While writing a program, we need to make certain decisions based on the logic of the program.
Such situations are called conditions. Conditional statements are used in a program to instruct
the computer to make a decision. The result of a condition will always be either True or False.
IF-THEN-ELSE Monarch butterflies migrate thousands
The program executes the statements written of miles by using environmental cues
inside the IF block when the condition is True. If the and internal compasses, similar to
condition is False, the statements written inside navigation algorithms that use data
the else block will be executed. A block refers to a and maps to find optimal routes.
section of code that is grouped together.
Look at these examples:
Example 1: Example 2:
READ Subject READ marks
IF Subject = "Maths" THEN IF marks > 50 THEN
PRINT "Take out Maths book & notebook" PRINT "Pass"
ELSE ELSE
PRINT "Check timetable" PRINT "Fail"
Example 3: Example 4:
READ Rain READ age
IF Rain = True THEN IF age >= 18 THEN
PRINT "Carry an umbrella" PRINT “You are eligible to vote.”
ELSE ELSE
PRINT "Do not carry an umbrella" PRINT “You are not eligible to vote.”
Tick ( ) if you know this.
▶ When data is processed it is called information.
▶ ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Algorithmic Intelligence 137

