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For example, Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) focuses on improving sanitation and promoting cleanliness
across rural and urban India, contributing to sustainable consumption and production patterns.
• Goal 13—Climate Action: This goal requires immediate action to save our climate from drastic changes through
education, innovation, and participation by all nations to protect the planet.
It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which helps slow down global warming and its harmful effects like
extreme weather and rising sea levels. By promoting renewable energy and sustainable practices, this goal supports
cleaner air and water, improving public health. Climate action also fosters innovation in green technologies, creating
new jobs and economic opportunities. Additionally, it encourages global cooperation to protect ecosystems and
biodiversity, ensuring a more resilient planet for future generations.
For example, National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) sets out India’s strategy to address climate change
through mitigation and adaptation measures, including promoting renewable energy and enhancing resilience to
climate impacts.
• Goal 14—Life below Water: This goal focuses on protecting life underwater by eliminating pollution, overfishing,
and illegal fishing practices to achieve healthy and productive oceans.
Oceans, seas, and rivers are home to more than 2 million estimated species. These underwater species provide life
support and regulate our climatic conditions. We all need to conserve and consciously use the world’s oceans, seas,
and marine resources to make them sustainable for present and future generations.
For example, Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project aims to conserve and manage coastal and
marine ecosystems, biodiversity, and resources sustainably, supporting the livelihoods of coastal communities while
protecting marine habitats.
• Goal 15—Life on Land: This goal ensures stopping further damage to life on earth by deforestation, loss of natural
habitats, and land degradation so that all nations together can work to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity
and ecosystems.
By stopping the cutting of trees and forests, land degradation, fragmentation and overgrazing will help in preserving
and restoring terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, grasslands, drylands and mountains. Cutting trees is
leading to soil erosion and making land dry and unusable for cultivation.
For example, National Afforestation Programme (NAP): Aims to increase forest and tree cover to enhance biodiversity,
combat desertification, and mitigate climate change impacts in India.
• Goal 16—Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions: This goal ensures the end of abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all
forms of violence by implementing laws at the national and international levels to promote peaceful and inclusive
societies for sustainable development by all nations.
By fostering peaceful societies, this goal supports economic growth and social stability. Strong institutions ensure
accountability and transparency, which are essential for sustainable development and trust in governance. It strives
to create environments where everyone can live peacefully, with equal rights and opportunities upheld by robust
institutions.
For example, National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) works to provide free legal aid and promote access to justice
for marginalized and vulnerable groups, ensuring fair and inclusive legal systems.
• Goal 17—Partnerships for the Goal: This goal focuses on strengthening the means of implementation and revitalising
the global partnership for sustainable development.
By collaborating across countries, organizations, and sectors, we can share knowledge, resources, and solutions
to tackle global challenges like poverty, hunger, and climate change more effectively. These partnerships foster
innovation and ensure that no one is left behind in the pursuit of sustainable development. By pooling our strengths
and expertise, we can create lasting impact and build a more resilient and inclusive world for future generations.
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