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UBUNTU OPERATING SYSTEM
Ubuntu is a popular open-source operating system based on the Debian Linux distribution. It is developed and
maintained by Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu is known for its user-friendly interface, ease of use, and robust community
support.
Working with Directories
In Ubuntu OS, as in any other operating system, files and directories serve fundamental roles in organising and
managing data within the file system.
Directories (Folders) in Ubuntu are containers that are used to organise and group related files and subdirectories. In
directories, files and subdirectories are arranged in the hierarchical structure (tree-like structure). In Ubuntu OS, the
root directory is denoted by /. This is the top-level directory in the file system hierarchy. Everything starts from here.
/
/bin /boot /dev /etc /home /lib /media /mnt /opt /proc /sbin /srv /sys /tmp /usr /var
Some commonly used directories in Ubuntu are:
• /bin: It contains essential binaries (executable files) that are required for system operation. Common commands like
ls, cp, mv, etc., reside here.
• /boot: It contains files necessary for booting the system, such as the kernel, bootloader configuration, and other
boot-related files.
• /dev: It contains device files, which are used to interact with hardware devices.
• /etc: It contains system-wide configuration files. Configuration files for various services and programs are typically
stored here.
• /home: It contains home directories for users. Each user typically has their own subdirectory here, where they can
store their files and personal settings.
Ubuntu Operating System 101

