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While simple to understand and navigate, this model can be rigid and challenging to adapt when data relationships
change.
The hierarchical data model encompasses the following elements:
• It comprises nodes linked by branches.
• The highest node is known as the root node.
• When multiple nodes exist at the highest level, they are termed root segments.
• Every node possesses precisely one parent.
• A single parent can have numerous children.
The following figure shows the hierarchical data model:
Electronics
Televisions Portable Electronics
MP3 CD 2 way
Tube LCD Plasma
Players Players Radios
FLASH
In the figure, “Electronics” is the main category, like the trunk of a tree. It has two main branches: “Televisions” and
“Portable Electronics.” Each of these branches then further divides into more specific types, like “Tube,” “LCD,” and
“Plasma” under “Televisions.” This setup shows how one category can have several subcategories, like a family tree.
Network Data Model
The Network Data Model has multiple records linked to the same master file. It is also considered as an inverted tree
where master is present in the bottom of the tree and the branches contain information linked to the master. This
model offers more flexibility in organising data, but it can be harder to manage compared to simpler models.
The following figure shows the network data model:
Project
Project 1 Project 2
Department A Department B Department C
In the figure, “Project” stands as the starting point, with two branches: “Project 1” and “Project 2”. “Project 1” has three
further branches, while “Project 2” has two. Together, they comprise five branches: “Department A,” “Department B,”
and “Department C,” all network related. As mentioned earlier, this model allows multiple parents, so “Department B”
and “Department C” have two parents each: “Project 1” and “Project 2”.
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