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• Entertainment: The online mode has become a new generation entertainment medium. You can watch movies/
series online, play games, listen to music, etc. There are online applications that allow you to even play musical
instruments online. You can play games in teams with other people on this virtual platform.
• Online booking: You can book movie tickets, hotels, bus/train/plane tickets, etc., online.
• E-mail and chatting: You can talk or send messages to people all around the world quickly and easily. The messages
sending over the Internet can reach any part of the world in just a few seconds. For example, Gmail and Outlook
• Online learning: There are a number of courses available online that are free while others are not. You can do a
course on a topic you like or want to know more about.
• Social networking: You can share your interests, knowledge, and stories with your family and friends around the
world. For example, Facebook and X.
• Online banking: You can do banking operations, like checking details of your bank account or transferring money
from one account to another through mobile banking, NEFT or RTGS.
Connecting to the Internet
To connect to the Internet, you need:
• A device, such as a computer, laptop or mobile.
• A connection device, i.e., a modem. An Internet Service Provider (ISP)—i.e., the telephone company which provides
the Internet connectivity using the phone lines or a wireless network.
Types of Connections
• Wired connections: When our computer is connected to the Internet using a wire, it is called a wired connection.
We use Ethernet cables (cables used for connecting to the Internet) to connect to the modem which connects to
the ISP using a phone line.
• Wireless connection: You can also connect your computer to the Internet using wireless technology as shown in
figure. Laptops need a wireless Internet card to connect to a modem with using any cables.
Desktop Laptop Modem
Wired connection Wireless connection
Bandwidth
Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a certain amount of time. To understand,
let us take the example of a pipe, the amount of water flowing through a pipe depends on its thickness. Similarly,
the amount of data that your network can receive or send depends on its bandwidth. In case of digital devices, the
bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second and in case of analog devices, the bandwidth
is expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz).
Data transfer speed over the networks (including the Internet) is calculated in terms of bits per second.
• 1 Kbps (kilo bits per second) = 1000 bits per second
• 1 Mbps (mega bits per second) = 1000 kilo bits per second
• 1 Gbps (giga bits per second) = 1000 mega bits per second
ICT Skills-I 99

