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World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW) or simply the Web is a huge collection of information. It is a vast network of linked
hypertext files, stored on computers throughout the world, that can provide a computer user with information on a
huge variety of subjects. Thus, it serves as a platform through which users can use or share information.
It is made up of:
• A web page
• A web browser
• A system to transfer information between the web browser and the web pages
Web Page
A web page is a document present on a computer that is connected to the Internet. There are hundreds of web pages.
Each web page has a unique address or location like the address of a house. We can use the address to see a particular
web page. To view a web page you need a web browser on your computer.
Web Browser
A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for using and sharing information on the
World Wide Web. The most popular web browsers that are used today are:
Chrome Firefox Opera Safari Microsoft Edge
Searching for Information
• Do the steps below to search for information on the Internet.
• Open an Internet browser.
• Type the topic, on which you want information, in the search box and hit the Enter key.
• The search results having the required information will be displayed.
PROTOCOLS
Protocols are a set of rules and standards that define how data is exchanged and transmitted over a network. They
establish guidelines that enable devices and systems to communicate effectively with each other. Protocols govern
various aspects of communication, including the format of data packets, error handling, authentication, and encryption.
Some of the important protocols are discussed below:
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): SMTP is a protocol used for sending and receiving email. It handles the
transmission of emails between servers and is responsible for the reliable and efficient delivery of emails over the
Internet.
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): TCP/IP is the foundational protocol suite of the Internet.
It consists of two main protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol). TCP ensures reliable
delivery of data packets between devices on a network by establishing a connection-oriented session and managing
packet sequencing and acknowledgment. It is a unique logical address of a device that helps identify a device at
the time of sending and receiving data in a Network. It is made up of numbers or characters. Remembering these
numeric values to access a specific website is a difficult task, so these numbers are given sensible textual names
called web addresses.
• IP (Internet Protocol) Address: It is a unique logical address of a device that helps identify a device at the time of
sending and receiving data in a Network. It is made up of numbers or characters. Remembering these numeric values
to access a specific website is a difficult task, so these numbers are given sensible textual names called web addresses.
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