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Elements of Communication
              Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and receiving. Speaking and writing to someone are
              examples of giving information. Reading and listening to someone are examples of receiving information.
                                                                                       3. A Channel (or path) such
                                      2. A Sender sends a                                as Phone/ Face-to-Face
                                    message (giving or asking   Giving Information       (talk/writing) is used to
                                       for Information).           CHANNEL                transfer the message.

                                                                                               RECEIVER
                                                           MESSAGE          REPLY TO
                        1. The communication              (ENCODING)
                        process starts with a                                SENDER
                              sender.                                      (DECODING)
                                               SENDER
                                                        Receiving   CHANNEL
                                                       Information                     4. The message is received
                                                                   5. The receiver replies   by the receiver.
                                                                      to the sender.

                                                       Elements of Communication
              The basic elements of communication are:
              •  Sender: The sender sends a message either in the form of giving information or asking for information. The sender
                can be any person, group, or an organisation who initiates the process of communication. The sender's knowledge,
                experiences, and skills influence the quality of the message.
              •  Ideas/Messages: This message can be in the form of an idea or any information that a sender wishes to convey
                or asking for information from the receiver. The message is encoded, i.e. created in the form of text, sign symbols,
                which the receiver decodes or understands to find out its actual meaning.
              •  Communication Channel: It is the medium through which a message can be sent. It can be conveyed through oral,
                written or visual methods. These days, technology plays an important role in transmitting information through
                mediums such as email, voicemail, social media websites, etc.
              •  Receiver: A receiver can be any person, group, or an organisation who interprets the message conveyed by a sender. The
                receiver has to extract the meaning from the text, signs or symbols sent by the sender and find out its actual meaning.
              •  Feedback: It is the receiver's acknowledgement and response to the message for ensuring that they understood
                each other correctly.



                      PERSPECTIVES IN COMMUNICATION

              Perspective is the fixed idea or thinking that influence how we communicate. Whether we are the sender or receiver
              of a message, our perspective can impact how we interpret that message, potentially altering its intended meaning.
              Let us assume that a teacher wanting to teach a difficult topic in a simplified way is not understood by the students, as
              the students assumed that the topic was too difficult to understand. This perspective of the students, that the topic is
              difficult, did not allow the students to understand despite the teacher's effort to make it simple.
              Factors Affecting Perspectives in Communication

              At times, our communication is unclear due to barriers that prevent us from sharing and understanding messages
              effectively. Some of the factors that affect the perspectives in our communication are:
              •  Language: It is a very important factor that affects communication. Sometimes we are not familiar with the language
                in which we wish to communicate. Using wrong words at wrong places may alter the meaning of the message and
                thus do not solve the purpose of effective communication.

                20    Trackpad Information Technology (Ver. 1.0)-IX
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