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There are two main types of ecosystem:
              •  Terrestrial: A terrestrial ecosystem is a community of living and non-living things on land. They live, develop and
                interact with each other in soil and air around them. It includes forest, grassland, desert, etc.
              •  Aquatic: An aquatic ecosystem is a community of living and non-living things in water. They live, develop and interact
                with each other in water around them. It includes marine and freshwater ecosystems.


                      ENVIRONMENT

              'Environment' word is derived from the French word 'Environia' which means “to surround”. In simple terms, it refers
              to our surroundings, consisting of physical, chemical, and biological elements that maintain a balance between the
              living and non-living components. It also impacts the growth and development of any life in the surrounding area. Our
              environment is classified into two basic categories:

              Natural Environment
              When all living and non-living elements occur naturally in our surroundings and affect life in its natural ways by
              encompassing interaction of all living species and natural resources, it forms our natural environment. Plants and
              animals living on land, in air, or water form our natural environment. It may be claimed as Abiotic and Biotic.

              Man-Made Environment
              It is the environment created by humans to create an atmosphere comfortable for him to interact and adjust to
              the  natural  environment.  For  example,  permanent  human  settlements  like  villages,  towns,  cities,  transport  and
              communication facilities, factories, dams, etc.



                      RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT

              A group of people living together to form a tribe, village, or a city sharing common interests, and having constant social
              interactions forms a society. The people living in society need to interact with the environment to obtain their food,
              water, fuel, and many other things. They sometimes exploit the natural resources present in the environment for their
              own benefits, thus causing pollution and environmental damage. For example, humans have been cutting down forests
              to clear land to grow crops for centuries, and due to this deforestation there is a change in the climatic conditions.
              Humans interact with the environment in two different ways:
              •  By utilising natural resources such as land, plants, water, soil, minerals, food in terms of plants and animals.
              •  By modifying the environment through various activities such as industrialisation, deforestation, mining, building
                dams, etc.



                        The Constitution of India contains specific provisions for the protection and improvement
                        of  environmental  quality. Article 48-A of  the Constitution  says that "the state shall
                        endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and
                        wildlife of the country."



                      NATURAL RESOURCES

              The resources that exist without any intervention of humans and are present in abundance in our surroundings are
              called natural resources. These are air, water, land, plants, trees, sunlight, etc. Living organisms are dependent on these
              resources for their existence. The resources which are developed by human beings during the growth of civilisation are
              called artificial resources.


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