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e. J4 = H4 + I4, copy the formula for the rest of the students.
f. B12 = MAX(B4:B11) copy the formula for the rest of the exams.
g. B13 = MIN(B4:B11) copy the formula for the rest of the exams.
4. Differentiate between absolute and relative referencing.
Ans. • Absolute Referencing: Sometimes, we do not want the address in the formula to change with respect to the location,
and we need to fix a cell. Thus, if we copy the formula anywhere across a sheet, the cell address in the formula does
not change. This fixing of a cell in a formula/function so that its location does not change with respect to the location
where it is copied, then this type of referencing is known as absolute referencing. The dollar sign ($) is used in front of
a column name and a row number to make it an absolute cell reference.
• Relative Referencing: Whenever a formula or function is copied to some other cell, the addresses of the cells used in
the formula or function changes relative to the location where it is copied. This is known as relative referencing. In a
spreadsheet, cell referencing by default is relative cell referencing. For example, when a formula is copied downwards
or upwards in the cell, then the change in the row number relative to the location will occur. Similarly, if a formula is
copied horizontally either to the left side or right side, then the change in the column name with respect to the position
will occur.
5. Define the following:
a. Cell range b. Functions
c. Cell address d. Sheet
Ans. a. A group of continuous cells selected with a mouse or a keyboard is known as a cell range.
b. Functions are already created formulas in a spreadsheet that has a name followed by circular brackets. We write
arguments inside the brackets in the form of values, cell addresses or cell ranges, so that the output of the function will
be generated based on the given arguments. Some examples of functions are MAX(), MIN(), SUM() etc.
c. Each cell in a spreadsheet has an address, which is a combination of a column name and a row number. For example,
D5 refers to a cell formed at the intersection of the D column and the 5th row.
d. A sheet is a single page within a LibreOffice Calc spreadsheet where you can enter, organise, and analyse data.
6. List the components of a chart in a spreadsheet.
Ans. Some components of a chart are as follows:
• Row or Column Label • Chart Title
• X axis • Y axis
• Gridlines • Data Labels
• Data Series
7. What do you mean by a spreadsheet program? Why do we need it?
Ans. An electronic spreadsheet program is used for storing numeric data in an organised form so that the calculation and
analysis of the data can easily be done.
The basic reasons for using a spreadsheet are as follows:
• Data can easily be organised in tabular form using rows and columns.
• Mathematical calculations like sum, average, minimum, etc. can easily be done either by using user-defined formulae
or by using built-in functions.
• Data once created can be rearranged in ascending or descending order, filtered based on a criterion and so on.
• Graphical representation of data can be done using charts.
8. Explain any four types of charts.
Ans. i. Column Chart: It displays data with categories represented by a vertical rectangle. It helps in comparing a number of
items and trends analysis. This is the default chart.
ii. Line Chart: It displays data series plotted as a separate line. It helps to show change or trends over time and can handle
more categories and data points without becoming cluttered.
iii. Bar Chart: It displays horizontal bars with the axis values. It helps to show changes over time or differences in size,
volume, or amount.
Electronic Spreadsheet 329

