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Ð ÐConnection Medium: A connection medium, often a wire or cable, although wireless communication between
networked computers and peripherals is also feasible. Connection medium can be wired (cable) or wireless (wi-fi).
Ð ÐNetworking Device: A networking device through which all the computers are connected with the network is
required.
Ð ÐOperating System: Software like Windows Server, Novell NetWare, Unix, and Linux are some of the examples of the
operating systems for networking.
Terminologies of Networking
There are various terminologies of networking like client, server, network interface card, etc. Let us now understand
some of them.
Nodes (Workstations)
A node is defined as a connection point or device connected to a network that is able to send, receive, or forward
information. When a computer is connected to a network, it becomes a node (also known as a workstation). On a
network, each user has their own workstation. There would be no network if there were no nodes.
Server
A server, also known as a host computer, is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on the
network and provides a centralised storage area for the programs, data, and information. It is responsible for providing
services to all the computers connected to the network. A network can have multiple servers. Each server has a unique
name that all nodes in the network use to identify it. There are two types of servers:
Server
Dedicated Server Non-dedicated Server
Ð ÐDedicated Server: A dedicated server is typically utilized in large computer network deployments. It is a special
computer that is allotted to handle all the server’s task. It facilitates the availability of data, software, and hardware
resources to all the nodes connected to the network. It does not double as a workstation but simply maintains the
network, and these networks are known as master-slave networks.
Ð ÐNon-dedicated Server: A workstation that can function as a server in a small network is known as non-dedicated
server. Peer-to-Peer(P2P) networks are small networks that use such type of server.
Client
A client is a computer that depends on the server for all its resources. It sends a request to the server for any resources
and gets server responses with the requested service. For example, a server might store a network version of the Excel
program. Every client on the network can access the Excel program from the server.
NIU (Network Interface Unit)
A network interface unit is a device that connects each workstation
to the server and allows the server and workstations to communicate
with one another. When a solitary computer becomes a workstation,
it requires an interface to allow it to connect to the network;
otherwise, workstations will be unable to share network resources
or communicate with one another. The Network Interface Card
(NIC), also known as the Terminal Access Point (TAP), serves as an
interpreter. Each NIC card is given a unique physical address by the
NIC manufacturer, which is known as the MAC address.
108 Touchpad Web Applications-XI

