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Switching Techniques
                 Data is efficiently transmitted over the network using switching techniques. Let us understand what these switching
                 techniques are exactly. There are two types of switching techniques used today to facilitate communication between
                 two computers on a network:


                                                             Switching Techniques





                                             Circuit Switching                  Packet Switching

                 Circuit Switching
                 A  communication  technique  in  which  a  dedicated  and  continuous  connection  is  established  between  a  sender
                 and receiver to communicate with each other is called circuit switching. It requires a physical connection between
                 computers to work. Following figure shows the implementation of circuit switching technique:

                                        Dedicated
                                       Connections                                             Link

                           Terminal (1)                                                              Terminal (4)
                                                                        Link

                                                   Switch (1)                 Switch (2)
                                         Link                                                  Link


                           Terminal (2)                           Switch (3)                         Terminal (5)


                                                                 Dedicated                Dedicated
                                         Link                   Connections              Connections


                                                   Switch (4)                 Switch (5)
                           Terminal (3)                                                              Terminal (6)
                 Features of Circuit Switching
                 Some of the common features of circuit switching technique are as follows:

                 Ð ÐIt provides full bandwidth and remains connected until the connection is terminated.

                 Ð ÐIt is still unavailable to other users, even if there is no communication on a dedicated circuit.
                 Ð ÐOne of the best examples of circuit switching technique is an early analog telephone network. This type of network
                   is known as circuit-switched network. When a call is made from one phone to another, switches in the telephone
                   exchange generate a continuous wire circuit between the two phones that lasts for the duration of the call.
                 Packet Switching

                 Packet switching is a data switching technique in which a data, to be sent, is divide into small pieces. These small pieces
                 are known as packets (fixed-size blocks of data with any content, type, or structure). These packets are then routed
                 individually  between  nodes  through  shared  data  lines.  Following  figure  shows  the  implementation  of  the  packet
                 switching technique:








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