Page 110 - Web Applications (803) Class 11
P. 110

Ð ÐConnection Medium: A connection medium, often a wire or cable, although wireless communication between
                 networked computers and peripherals is also feasible. Connection medium can be wired (cable) or wireless (wi-fi).
              Ð ÐNetworking Device: A networking device through which all the computers are connected with the network is
                 required.
              Ð ÐOperating System: Software like Windows Server, Novell NetWare, Unix, and Linux are some of the examples of the
                 operating systems for networking.
              Terminologies of Networking

              There are various terminologies of networking like client, server, network interface card, etc. Let us now understand
              some of them.

              Nodes (Workstations)
              A node is defined as a connection point or device connected to a network that is able to send, receive, or forward
              information. When a computer is connected to a network, it becomes a node (also known as a workstation). On a
              network, each user has their own workstation. There would be no network if there were no nodes.

              Server
              A server, also known as a host computer, is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on the
              network and provides a centralised storage area for the programs, data, and information. It is responsible for providing
              services to all the computers connected to the network. A network can have multiple servers. Each server has a unique
              name that all nodes in the network use to identify it. There are two types of servers:


                                                                Server




                                          Dedicated Server                  Non-dedicated Server


              Ð ÐDedicated Server: A dedicated server is typically utilized in large computer network deployments. It is a special
                 computer that is allotted to handle all the server’s task. It facilitates the availability of data, software, and hardware
                 resources to all the nodes connected to the network. It does not double as a workstation but simply maintains the
                 network, and these networks are known as master-slave networks.

              Ð ÐNon-dedicated Server: A workstation that can function as a server in a small network is known as non-dedicated
                 server. Peer-to-Peer(P2P) networks are small networks that use such type of server.

              Client
              A client is a computer that depends on the server for all its resources. It sends a request to the server for any resources
              and gets server responses with the requested service. For example, a server might store a network version of the Excel
              program. Every client on the network can access the Excel program from the server.
              NIU (Network Interface Unit)

              A network interface unit is a device that connects each workstation
              to the server and allows the server and workstations to communicate
              with one another. When a solitary computer becomes a workstation,
              it  requires  an  interface  to  allow  it  to  connect  to  the  network;
              otherwise, workstations will be unable to share network resources
              or  communicate  with  one  another.  The  Network  Interface  Card
              (NIC), also known as the Terminal Access Point (TAP), serves as an
              interpreter. Each NIC card is given a unique physical address by the
              NIC manufacturer, which is known as the MAC address.


                108     Touchpad Web Applications-XI
   105   106   107   108   109   110   111   112   113   114   115