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Infrared
Infrared transmission is used for short-range communication. Between 300 GHz and 400 THz is the infrared spectrum’s
frequency region. It is employed for close-quarters contact, such as data transfer between two cell phones, TV remote
control operation, and data transfer between a computer and a cell phone. The data rate will be very high because
it allows a large amount of bandwidth. The walls block the passage of infrared radiation. Thus, the adjacent rooms
cannot interfere with infrared communication taking place in one room.
Television Infrared Radiations Remote
1.5 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Everyone wants a fast, reliable internet connection, but businesses need it even more. Businesses may encounter
downtime, an unpredictable connection, and an overall frustrating work experience if they do not have a high-
performing network. All of these circumstances may push the business to incur needless expenses. Of course, a decent
connection starts with your internet provider, but there are several additional aspects to consider.
First and foremost, do you have a wireless, wired, or hybrid network? There’s no denying that connecting wirelessly
is more convenient, especially now that wireless carriers, routers, and modems have advanced dramatically. Wireless
networks, on the other hand, are more prone to interference. Wired networks provide the highest possible connection,
security, and dependability. Although employing a wired network is sufficient, you must also take into account the
many forms of network topologies. A topology describes how devices (or nodes) are connected. Different types of
network topologies are as follows:
Network Topologies
BUS RING STAR MESH TREE
The above topologies are categorised into two categories:
Ð ÐBroadcast Topology: All nodes in a broadcast topology share the same physical link. All nodes receive when one
broadcasts. When more than one node transmits at the same time, there is a collision resolution mechanism in
place to handle it. Examples of broadcast topology are bus and ring.
Ð ÐPoint-to-Point Topology: Every pair of nodes in a point-to-point topology has its own dedicated link. Example of
point-to-point topology are star and mesh.
Bus Topology
A bus topology, by definition, nodes need to be connected in a linear order. In a bus topology system, each device
is connected to a single wire. It’s important to realise that a bus and linear topology do not transport data in both
directions. In other words, data can only travel in one direction. A bus topology, like all other topologies, has advantages
and disadvantages.
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