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1.8 WEB ARCHITECTURE

                 Web architecture can be defined as the internet’s conceptual framework. The World Wide Web, or the internet, is a
                 dynamic medium that allows users to communicate with one another as well as technical interaction between different
                 systems and subsystems. Data transmission protocols (TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS), representation formats (HTML, CSS, XML),
                 and addressing standards are the three main components of the internet’s infrastructure (URI, URL).

                 Origin

                 The World Wide Web (WWWW) is a concept that was developed in the 1990s to allow people and machines to
                 communicate within a defined area. It is used to exchange, transmit, and share data in a network. Let us understand
                 its journey from the following figure as given below:



                         Web 1.0                                  Web 2.0                                  Web 3.0
                      Static web pages                        Dynamic webpages                         Extremely Mobile
                      Nil communities                           Social Media                            Microblogging
                                                             Rich user experience                      Advanced search


                 Types of Web Architecture
                 There are mainly three types of web architectures which as follows:


                                                              Web Architecture






                        Client server Model                    Three tier Model                 Service Oriented Architecture

                 Client-Server Model
                 The web had a two-tiered architecture in the beginning: clients and
                 servers.  The  duties  and  services  that  the  system  was  expected  to
                 accomplish  were shared between clients and servers. When a client                 Server
                 requests a service from the server, the server responds by providing
                 the requested service. The two-layer concept, commonly known as the
                 client-server model, involves retrieving a website using a URL address
                 that instructs a server to load the site in the client’s browser.
                 For  application  systems  to  connect  with  one  another,  the  web
                 architecture must meet three requirements:                            PC         Smartphone      Laptop

                                   CSS                                        SMTP                   URL (general concept URI)



                   HTML                           XML        HTTP/HTTPS                     POP3
                              1. Representation                           2. Protocols for                 3. Using
                               formats with a                              data transfer                  standard for
                               fixed standard                                                             addressing




                 Finally, web architecture refers to the operational framework of data storage, transport, and presentation systems.
                 When data and resources are transported to the web, the web architecture often consists of database servers that
                 manage them. They use a transfer protocol to communicate with a client so that the data may be retrieved and viewed
                 in a browser. HTML and CSS are commonly used to express data
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