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INSIDE THE SERIES
The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning, assessment and evaluation.
Learning Resources
Step 1: Open an image.
Step 9: Once the installation is complete, click the Finish button. Notes Step 2: Click on the Dodge/Burn Tool in the 2
Perform the following steps to use the Burn Tool:
Toolbox.
OR
Click on Tools Paint Tools
Dodge / Burn Tool
OR
This section contains additional Step 3: Select the brush size and hardness. 3
Press Shift + D on your keyboard.
information to enrich the subject. Step 4: Click and drag the mouse pointer
over the area that you want to burn.
Perform the following steps to download and install GIMP on Linux: 1
Step 1: Open the Terminal, using the shortcut Ctrl + Alt + T.
$ sudo apt update
Step 3: To ensure successful installation, type the command:
$ sudo apt install gimp
Step 2: Type the following commands:
If GIMP is successfully installed, you should see an output:
GNU Image Manipulation Program version 2.10.38
$ gimp –version
4
Do You Know?
Starting GIMP • GIMP’s mascot is called Wilber.
To start GIMP, Click on Start GIMP 2.10.38.
Double-click on GIMP icon on the desktop. Transform Tools
OR
The GIMP window looks like the following:
• The GNU General Public License governs GIMP, making it a free software.
Do you Know? Ð Ð understand some of the commonly used transform tools included in the toolbox:
ÐMove: Moves selections and layers.
Ð ÐAlign: Arranges layers and/or other objects by aligning them.
The primary purpose of transform tools is to change how an image or a specific component of an image appears. Let’s
This section contains a Ð Ð
ÐCrop: Resizes the image by cropping it.
Ð ÐScale: The active layer, selection, or path is scaled by the Scale command.
ÐRotate: Rotates the currently selected layer, path, or selection.
fact about the topic. Ð Ð Ð ÐFlip: Flips selections and layers.
ÐShear: Moves a portion of an image to a different position.
The initial version of GIMP was developed by Peter Mattis and Spencer Kimball. Specifically, GIMP version Ð ÐHandle Transform: It is utilised for adjusting scaling.
ÐPerspective: Modifies the active layer’s, selection’s, or path’s perspective.
0.54 was launched in 1996, while GIMP 1.0 followed in 1998. The latest version of GIMP is 2.10.38,
Notes
ÐUnified Transform: Combines perspective, skewing, scaling, and rotation
released in May 2024. Multimedia Design Using GIMP
Touchpad Web Applications-XI 257
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Video Session
This section contains link of
videos related to topics to
enrich the subject.
ÐIt combines the best features of bus and star topologies.
ÐAs leaf nodes can add more nodes to the hierarchical chain, it has high scalability.
Advantages
Ð ÐIf one of a network’s nodes is damaged, the other nodes are unaffected.
Ð
Ð ÐIt allows for simple maintenance and defect detection.
Ð ÐSeveral hardware and software companies support it.
ÐIn comparison to star and bus topologies, large cabling is required.
Ð
Disadvantages
ÐOther network topologies are easier to configure than tree networks.
Ð ÐWhen a hub fails, the entire network fails. #Subject Enrichment
#Communication
Ð
Ð
Video Session
Scan the QR code or visit the following link to watch the video: Network Topology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSKdjjw5zow
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
Now answer the following questions:
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2. Which topology is the simplest to install?
1. Which topology will be suitable for your school?
Differentiable equations, dynamical systems, knot theory, and Riemann surfaces in complex analysis are all
examples of topology in Mathematics. It’s also used in Physics to describe the universe’s space-time structure
Notes
and in string theory. Basics of Networking 127
1.13 PASSWORD MANAGER
GLOSSARY Glossary and the decryption key for unlocking them when needed.
Network Interface Unit: It is a device that aids in the communication between the server and the workstations.
A password manager is a specialised software tool designed to help users securely store, manage, and retrieve their
login credentials for numerous websites, applications, and services. Instead of memorising different passwords for
each account, users only need to remember one master password, which grants access to the entire password vault.
This master password is a single, strong passphrase that serves as the encryption key for securing stored credentials
Packet Switching: It is a switching technology that routes packets between nodes over shared data lines with from unauthorised access.
Recap Zone
By using a password manager, users can create complex, unique passwords for each account, enhancing security
Bandwidth: It refers to the range of frequencies that can be used to transmit data.
Ð
without the risk of forgetting them. The password manager ensures that each password is encrypted, protecting it
This section contains Ð
other traffic. Ð Ð A node is a computer that is connected to a network.
Ð A network is a group of autonomous computers that connect via a shared network media.
Transmission Medium: It is a device that transmits data from one computer to another. definition of common Ð Ð Ð A server is a computer that allows data, software, and hardware resources to be shared across a network.
Modem: It is a device that allows a computer to send and receive data through a phone or cable line. Ð Ð Ð NIU (Network Interface Unit) is a device that aids in the communication between the server and the workstations.
Repeater: It is an electronic device that amplifies and retransmits a received signal over a network. terms. Ð Ð Ð A channel is a medium that allows a message to be sent from one location to another.
Ð Circuit switching is a communication technology that establishes a dedicated and complete physical link between two nodes.
Cookie: It is a small text file that usually contains the name of the website from which it came, as well as a Ð Ð PAN (Personal Area Network) a computer network centred on a single person.
Cracking: It is a means of gaining unauthorised access to a computer with the goal of causing harm.
Ð Packet switching is a switching technology that routes packets between nodes over shared data lines with other traffic.
Ð Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies that can be used to transmit data.
unique ID tag. Ð Ð Ð A network in which the devices are connected over a relatively short distance is known as a local area network (LAN).
circumference).
er mask: It a vital tool for modifying images that enables us to manage transparency and other elements. Ð Ð Transmission Medium is a device that transmits data from one computer to another.
Background layer: It is the only layer that exists when we create a new image in GIMP. Ð Ð Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is larger than a LAN and encompasses a physical area (between 5 and 50 km in
Lay HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): It is the most widely used language for developing webpages. Ð Ð Ð RJ-45 is an eight-wired connector for connecting computers on a local area network.
Ð Wide Area Network (WAN) connects multiple locations across a vast geographic area, usually a country or continent.
Ð A modem is a device that allows a computer to send and receive data through a phone or cable line.
ernal Style Sheet: It is used to define style sheet rules in a separate.css file and then use the HTML link Ð Ð Repeater is an electronic device that amplifies and retransmits a received signal over a network.
Ð Ethernet card is an Ethernet card is a type of network adaptor.
Frameset: It is a collection of frames in the browser window. Ð Ð Ð Ð A switch is a small piece of hardware that connects many computers in a LAN.
tag to include that file in your HTML content. Ð Ð Ð A gateway is a network device that connects two networks that are not the same.
Ext
Ð A router is a network device that links two networks that use separate protocols.
Infinite Loop: It is a piece of code that never ends because it never reaches the ending condition.
Operator: An operator is a symbol that is used to perform calculation on operands. Recap Zone Ð Ð Ð Ð TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) divides data into packets that the network can efficiently handle.
Ð A Wi-Fi card is a compact, portable card that connects your computer to the internet over a wireless network.
Ð A protocol is a collection of rules that two or more machines on a network must follow in order to communicate.
This section contains the Ð Ð Ð Ð HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol for transferring hypertext files over the Internet.
Ð Each data packet is given a unique address (called an IP address) by the Internet protocol (IP).
Ð File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to transfer files across the internet from one system to another.
Glossary 443 summary of the chapter. Ð Ð POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol 3 and it receives and keeps email for a certain person till they pick it up.
Ð Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) allows email to be sent over the Internet.
Ð The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a protocol that allows two computers to communicate via a serial interface.
Basics of Networking
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