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INSIDE THE SERIES




                  The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning, assessment and evaluation.
                   Learning Resources



                                                                                            Step 1:  Open an image.
                Step 9:  Once the installation is complete, click the Finish button.   Notes       Step 2:  Click on the Dodge/Burn Tool in the   2
                                                                                            Perform the following steps to use the Burn Tool:
                                                                                              Toolbox.
                                                                                             OR
                                                                                             Click on Tools   Paint Tools
                                                                                              Dodge / Burn Tool
                                                                                             OR
                                                   This section contains additional          Step 3:  Select the brush size and hardness.   3
                                                                                             Press Shift + D on your keyboard.
                                                   information to enrich the subject.      Step 4:  Click  and  drag the mouse pointer
                                                                                             over the area that you want to burn.
                  Perform the following steps to download and install GIMP on Linux:                           1
                  Step 1:  Open the Terminal, using the shortcut Ctrl + Alt + T.
                    $ sudo apt update
                  Step 3:  To ensure successful installation, type the command:
                    $ sudo apt install gimp
                    Step 2:  Type the following commands:

                     If GIMP is successfully installed, you should see an output:
                     GNU Image Manipulation Program version 2.10.38
                      $ gimp –version
                                                                                                              4
                                                                                           Do You Know?
                   Starting GIMP                                                          •  GIMP’s mascot is called Wilber.
                   To start GIMP, Click on Start   GIMP 2.10.38.
                   Double-click on GIMP icon on the desktop.                            Transform Tools
                   OR
                    The GIMP window looks like the following:
                                                                                          •  The GNU General Public License governs GIMP, making it a free software.
                                                             Do  you Know?              Ð Ð  understand some of the commonly used transform tools included in the toolbox:
                                                                                        ÐMove: Moves selections and layers.
                                                                                        Ð  ÐAlign:  Arranges layers and/or other objects by aligning them.
                                                                                        The primary purpose of transform tools is to change how an image or a specific component of an image appears. Let’s
                                                             This  section  contains  a   Ð Ð
                                                                                        ÐCrop:  Resizes the image by cropping it.
                                                                                       Ð  ÐScale: The active layer, selection, or path is scaled by the Scale command.
                                                                                        ÐRotate: Rotates the currently selected layer, path, or selection.
                                                             fact about the topic.     Ð Ð Ð ÐFlip: Flips selections and layers.
                                                                                        ÐShear:  Moves a portion of an image to a different position.
                        The initial version of GIMP was developed by Peter Mattis and Spencer Kimball. Specifically, GIMP version   Ð  ÐHandle Transform: It is utilised for adjusting scaling.
                                                                                       ÐPerspective: Modifies the active layer’s, selection’s, or path’s perspective.
                        0.54  was  launched  in  1996,  while  GIMP  1.0  followed  in  1998.  The  latest  version  of  GIMP  is  2.10.38,
                        Notes
                                                                                       ÐUnified Transform: Combines perspective, skewing, scaling, and rotation
                        released in May 2024.                                                           Multimedia Design Using GIMP
                        Touchpad Web Applications-XI                                                            257
                      228
                                                                                 Video Session
                                                                                 This section contains link of
                                                                                 videos related to topics to
                                                                                 enrich the subject.
                                                    ÐIt combines the best features of bus and star topologies.
                                                    ÐAs leaf nodes can add more nodes to the hierarchical chain, it has high scalability.
                                                    Advantages
                                                    Ð ÐIf one of a network’s nodes is damaged, the other nodes are unaffected.
                                                    Ð
                                                    Ð ÐIt allows for simple maintenance and defect detection.
                                                    Ð ÐSeveral hardware and software companies support it.
                                                     ÐIn comparison to star and bus topologies, large cabling is required.
                                                    Ð
                                                     Disadvantages
                                                     ÐOther network topologies are easier to configure than tree networks.
                                                     Ð ÐWhen a hub fails, the entire network fails.  #Subject Enrichment
                                                                         #Communication
                                                     Ð
                                                     Ð
                                                        Video Session
                                                       Scan the QR code or visit the following link to watch the video: Network Topology
                                                       https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSKdjjw5zow
                                                        .....................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                       Now answer the following questions:
                                                        .....................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                       2.  Which topology is the simplest to install?
                                                         1.  Which topology will be suitable for your school?

                                                         Differentiable  equations,  dynamical  systems,  knot  theory,  and  Riemann  surfaces  in  complex  analysis  are  all
                                                         examples of topology in Mathematics. It’s also used in Physics to describe the universe’s space-time structure
                                                         Notes
                                                          and in string theory.  Basics of Networking  127
                                                                                             1.13 PASSWORD MANAGER
                     GLOSSARY                       Glossary                               and the decryption key for unlocking them when needed.
                     Network Interface Unit: It is a device that aids in the communication between the server and the workstations.
                                                                                           A password manager is a specialised software tool designed to help users securely store, manage, and retrieve their
                                                                                           login credentials for numerous websites, applications, and services. Instead of memorising different passwords for
                                                                                           each account, users only need to remember one master password, which grants access to the entire password vault.
                                                                                           This master password is a single, strong passphrase that serves as the encryption key for securing stored credentials
                        Packet Switching: It is a switching technology that routes packets between nodes over shared data lines with   from unauthorised access.
                                                                                           Recap Zone
                                                                                           By using a password manager, users can create complex, unique passwords for each account, enhancing security
                      Bandwidth: It refers to the range of frequencies that can be used to transmit data.
                                                                                           Ð
                                                                                          without the risk of forgetting them. The password manager ensures that each password is encrypted, protecting it
                                                    This section contains                 Ð
                      other traffic.                                                      Ð  Ð A node is a computer that is connected to a network.
                                                                                           Ð A network is a group of autonomous computers that connect via a shared network media.
                        Transmission Medium: It is a device that transmits data from one computer to another.   definition  of  common   Ð Ð  Ð A server is a computer that allows data, software, and hardware resources to be shared across a network.
                        Modem: It is a device that allows a computer to send and receive data through a phone or cable line.   Ð Ð  Ð NIU (Network Interface Unit) is a device that aids in the communication between the server and the workstations.
                         Repeater: It is an electronic device that amplifies and retransmits a received signal over a network.   terms.   Ð Ð  Ð A channel is a medium that allows a message to be sent from one location to another.
                                                                                          Ð Circuit switching is a communication technology that establishes a dedicated and complete physical link between two nodes.
                         Cookie: It is a small text file that usually contains the name of the website from which it came, as well as a   Ð  Ð PAN (Personal Area Network) a computer network centred on a single person.
                       Cracking: It is a means of gaining unauthorised access to a computer with the goal of causing harm.
                                                                                          Ð Packet switching is a switching technology that routes packets between nodes over shared data lines with other traffic.
                                                                                          Ð Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies that can be used to transmit data.
                         unique ID tag.                                                  Ð Ð  Ð A network in which the devices are connected over a relatively short distance is known as a local area network (LAN).
                                                                                          circumference).
                         er mask: It a vital tool for modifying images that enables us to manage transparency and other elements.   Ð  Ð Transmission Medium is a device that transmits data from one computer to another.
                         Background layer: It is the only layer that exists when we create a new image in GIMP.   Ð  Ð Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is larger than a LAN and encompasses a physical area (between 5 and 50 km in
                          Lay HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): It is the most widely used language for developing webpages.   Ð Ð  Ð RJ-45 is an eight-wired connector for connecting computers on a local area network.
                                                                                         Ð Wide Area Network (WAN) connects multiple locations across a vast geographic area, usually a country or continent.
                                                                                         Ð A modem is a device that allows a computer to send and receive data through a phone or cable line.
                          ernal Style Sheet: It is used to define style sheet rules in a separate.css file and then use the HTML link   Ð  Ð Repeater is an electronic device that amplifies and retransmits a received signal over a network.
                                                                                         Ð Ethernet card is an Ethernet card is a type of network adaptor.
                          Frameset: It is a collection of frames in the browser window.   Ð Ð Ð  Ð A switch is a small piece of hardware that connects many computers in a LAN.
                          tag to include that file in your HTML content.                Ð Ð  Ð A gateway is a network device that connects two networks that are not the same.
                        Ext
                                                                                        Ð A router is a network device that links two networks that use separate protocols.
                         Infinite Loop: It is a piece of code that never ends because it never reaches the ending condition.
                           Operator: An operator is a symbol that is used to perform calculation on operands.   Recap Zone  Ð Ð Ð  Ð TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) divides data into packets that the network can efficiently handle.
                                                                                        Ð A Wi-Fi card is a compact, portable card that connects your computer to the internet over a wireless network.
                                                                                        Ð A protocol is a collection of rules that two or more machines on a network must follow in order to communicate.
                                                          This  section  contains  the   Ð Ð Ð  Ð HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol for transferring hypertext files over the Internet.
                                                                                        Ð Each data packet is given a unique address (called an IP address) by the Internet protocol (IP).
                                                                                        Ð File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to transfer files across the internet from one system to another.
                                             Glossary  443  summary of the chapter.    Ð  Ð POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol 3 and it receives and keeps email for a certain person till they pick it up.
                                                                                       Ð Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) allows email to be sent over the Internet.
                                                                                       Ð The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a protocol that allows two computers to communicate via a serial interface.
                                                                                                         Basics of Networking
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