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MAC Address

                 The manufacturer assigns a universally unique address to each NIC. The MAC (Media Access Control) address of the
                 card is this address. It means that the MAC address of a machine’s NIC can be used to uniquely identify it. A NIC’s MAC
                 address is static and does not change.

                 MAC addresses are hexadecimal (48-bit) integers with 12 digits. MAC addresses are commonly written in one of two
                 formats, according to convention:


                                            MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS               MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS

                 A MAC address’s first half (MM:MM: MM) contains the adapter manufacturer’s ID number. The serial number assigned
                 to the adapter (NIC) by its manufacturer is represented by the second half (SS:SS: SS) of a MAC address.
                 For instance, consider the MAC address 00:A0:C9: 14:C8:35. The manufacturer is Intel Corporation, as indicated by the
                 prefix 00:A0:C9. The last three numbers 14:C9:34 are assigned to NIC by the manufacturer (Intel in this case).

                 IP Address

                 Every machine on a network has its own unique identifier, known as an IP Address. An IP address consists of four bytes
                 (32 bits), each of which can be any integer between 0 and 255. The following is an example of a typical IP address:
                 192.077.134.72

                 IP addresses are usually written in decimal format as a “dotted decimal number” like the one above to make them
                 easier to remember. On a network, a machine’s IP address, not its NIC’s MAC address, is used to identify it. The user
                 can update a node’s IP address settings.
                 You might be wondering what the difference is between an IP address and a MAC address. Let’s have a look:


                                     Mac Address                                          IP Address
                 It is a hexadecimal address of six bytes.           This address can be either eight or six bytes long.

                 A device's MAC address is provided by the manufacturer of the  The  IP  address  of  a  device  is  provided  by  an  ISO  (Internet
                 NIC card.                                           Service Provider).
                 A  MAC  address  is  mostly  used  to  verify  a  device's/physical  The logical address of a computer is defined by the IP address.
                 computer's address.

                 When a machine is moved from one network to another, its  When a machine is moved from one network to another, its IP
                 MAC address remains the same.                       address gets changed.

                 Wing R to Wing P                                    450 m

                            Notes


                           There are two versions of IP addresses that are currently existing on the global Internet—IP version 4 (IPv4) and
                           IP version 6 (IPv6). IPv4 is 32 bits long whereas IPv6 is 128 bits long. Both versions can coexist on a network.



                 Domain Name
                 As a result, we may communicate with a computer over the internet by utilising its IP address. However, remembering
                 the IP addresses of all the machines with whom one might need to communicate is almost difficult. As a result, a system
                 was created that allocates names to some machines (web servers) and keeps a database of these names and their IP
                 addresses. Domain names are the names given to these web addresses. For examples, cbse.nic.in, indianrailway.gov.
                 in, amazon.com, etc. A domain name usually has the following parts:


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