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The following diagram shows the evolution of the Internet:
During the Cold War, the US
Department of Defense (DoD)
recognized the need to build
fault-tolerant networks that
would not fail in the event of
a nuclear attack and could The United States
It was in 1876 that Alexander withstand a single point of Department of Defense saw
Graham Bell proposed the failure. Digital packet switching, the need to link different TCP/IP (Transmission Control
idea of communication via which divides the message to geographic research Protocol/Internet Protocol)
telephone lines. This led to computers to build a was created in 1970 for
the creation of the Public be conveyed into little portions network. As a result, in 1969, communication between
Switched Telephone Network called packets, was proposed by the Advanced Research multiple heterogeneous
(PSTN) in 1877. It ushered Paul Baran, Donald Davies, and networks. Along with
in new horizons by allowing Len Kleinrock. Packet switching Projects Agency (ARPA) of many smaller networks,
people to communicate via is based on link sharing, as the Pentagon created a the National Science
telephone lines. From that opposed to circuit switching, computer network named Foundation (NSF) of the
time, communication which reserves resources along ARPANET. ARPANET made use United States created NSFNET
was mainly through a dedicated communication of digital packet switching
telephone lines. line. technologies. in 1984 for research and
teaching purposes.
When ARPANET and NSFNET were linked together, the network’s growth exploded. The TCP/IP protocol (communication
rules) served as a glue to bring together many heterogeneous networks into a single network. Thus, the Internet was
born. The Internet is a large network (network of networks).
#Subject Enrichment
Video Session
Scan the QR code or visit the following link to watch the video: Evolution of the Internet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=km9-XQZkOSE
Now answer the following questions:
1. How many nodes were initially connected to ARPANET?
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2. Who invented the WWW?
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3. Who launched the first internet-enabled mobile phone?
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Do You Know?
• 75 million servers control the Internet.
• Over 550000 miles of underwater cable form the internet’s backbone.
• The internet connects roughly one billion computer systems.
• To answer a single Google search query, 1000 server computers are used in 0.2 seconds.
Basics of Networking 111

