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Components of Data Communication System


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                               Protocol                                                        Protocol




                                                             Message



                                                               Medium
                                Sender                                                         Receiver

              Various components of data communication system are as follows:

              Ð ÐMessage: The message is the actual information that needs to be sent from one device to another. This could be
                 text, images, audio, video, or any combination of these.

              Ð ÐSender: The sender is the device that creates and sends the message. It could be a computer, smartphone, sensor,
                 or any device capable of transmitting data.

              Ð ÐReceiver: The receiver is the device that gets the message from the sender. The receiver could be another computer,
                 smartphone, printer, server, or any device that can interpret and process the received data.

              Ð ÐTransmission Medium: The transmission medium is the physical pathway through which the message travels from
                 the sender to the receiver. It can be wired (eg. Ethernet cables, fiber optic cables, or phone lines) and wireless
                 (eg. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, radio waves, or satellite signals). The medium determines how fast and reliably the data can
                 be transferred.

              Ð ÐProtocols: Protocols are a set of rules and standards that define how the data is transmitted and understood by
                 both the sender and receiver. Protocols ensure that the data is properly formatted, error-free, and reaches its
                 destination accurately.

                 1.2 THE INTERNET

              The Internet is a worldwide network made up of numerous independently operated networks. It does not have a
              centralised governing body. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are a group of government and private organizations that
              work together to provide Internet connectivity. The Internet allowed people to share information and connect with
              each other over long distances. The maximum data transfer rate of a network or Internet connection is referred to as
              bandwidth.

              Evolution of Internet

              Nowadays, we hardly think twice before logging onto the Internet and posting comments on Instagram or Twitter.
              However, such instant communication was not possible many years ago. Smoke signals and pigeons were used to send
              messages. Over the years, the need for instant and secure communication has led to tremendous growth.











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