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BASICS OF NETWORKING                                                    1














                               Learning Outcomes




                  •  Communication                                         •  The Internet
                  •  Basic Concepts of Networking                          •  Network Types
                  •  Transmission Medium                                   •  Network Topologies
                  •  Network Devices                                       •  Network Protocols
                  •  Web Architecture                                      •  Identification of Computers and Users Over a Network
                  •  Network Threats and Security Measures                 •  Network Security Tools and Services
                  •  Password Manager



                 As we know, social media websites and apps are the platforms that allow us to communicate with each other through
                 video call, message chat, voice call, etc. at any time and from anywhere. These websites and apps provide such facilities
                 to us with the help of a global computer network. A computer network is a collection of interconnected computers
                 that can communicate with each other through a communication medium. A communication medium is a way through
                 which data can be transferred from one computer to another. It can be wired or wireless. The Internet is the world’s
                 largest computer network.
                 In this unit, you will learn about the evolution of the Internet and its different terminologies. Next, you will learn about
                 different types of networks and protocols. Then, you will learn about different types of network architecture. Further,
                 you will learn about the web server and the web client. At the end of this unit, you will learn about network threats
                 and security measures.

                   1.1 COMMUNICATION

                 Communication  is  the  exchange  of  information,  ideas,  or  messages  between  individuals  or  groups  using  various
                 methods, including spoken or written words, signals, or behaviors. It involves a sender transmitting a message and a
                 receiver interpreting it.
                 In computer networks, the transmission of digital data between devices like computers, routers, or servers is known
                 as data communication. This data transfer can take many forms, such as text, images, audio, or video, and can be
                 transmitted through wired connections or wireless technologies.
                 Connecting computers and other digital devices to form a network enables seamless communication and offers several
                 key advantages. These include resource sharing (such as printers and storage), data sharing, video conferencing, instant
                 messaging, and access to online content.



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