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4.  Explain the following terms:
                        i. Channel                                            ii. Bandwidth
                   Ans.   i.  Channel: A communication channel is a medium that allows a message to be sent from one location to another. It
                         could refer to the entire physical media, such as a phone line, optical fibre, coaxial cable, or twisted pair wire, or it
                         could refer to one of the multiple carrier frequencies broadcast simultaneously within the line.
                         ii.  Bandwidth: The range of frequencies available for data transmission in electronic communication is referred to as
                         bandwidth. It is measured in Hertz(Hz) as the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies. A normal voice
                         signal, for example, has a bandwidth of about 3KHz. The more bandwidth a communication system has, the more
                         capacity it has, and hence the more data that can be carried in a given length of time.

                     5.  Explain the 3-tier web architecture model.
                   Ans.   The three-tier web architecture consists of the presentation tier, or user interface; the application tier, where data is
                       processed; and the data tier, where the data associated with the application is stored and managed.

                         As each tier runs on its own infrastructure, three-tier architecture has the advantage of allowing each tier to be created
                       in parallel by a distinct development team and updated or scaled as needed without affecting the other tiers.


                                                                                                      #Subject Enrichment
                 C.  Competency-based/Application-based questions.                                    #Critical Thinking

                     1.   SAM International University, in Bangalore, is planning to connect all its buildings in the campus. The layout of the
                       campus is shown as follows:





                                                                                 Technology
                                                                                   School
                                                      Business
                                                       School






                                          Low                                                 Admin
                                         School                                               Centre




                        i.   Which device should be used in all buildings to efficiently connect all systems?

                        ii.   The University is also planning to connect its campus with its placement campus in Delhi. Which type of network will
                           be formed? Justify your answer.
                   Ans.  i.    Switch/Hub             ii. WAN as distance is huge.

                     2.   Shyama, a computer teacher, teaches in a well-known school. The computer lab is well-equipped and connected to the
                       Internet. However, while teaching, Shyama finds students watching YouTube videos, playing games, posting on social
                       media sites. Shyama wants to stop all this activity. Which device/software should she install?
                   Ans.  Shyama should use a firewall to block unauthorised access to certain sites.
                     3.  Mr. Akash wants to send/receive email through the internet. Which protocol will be used for this purpose?    [NCERT]

                   Ans.  SMTP










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