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Examples  of  Application  Software: Microsoft Word, Google Docs, Google
                 Chrome, Adobe Photoshop, VLC Media Player, Fortnite, Excel.
                 Examples of System Software: Windows, macOS, Linux, Device Drivers, BIOS,
                 Disk Management.


                   1.3 CLOUD COMPUTING AND EDGE COMPUTING

                 Cloud computing and  Edge computing are two
                 revolutionary technological paradigms that handle
                 data processing and storage differently.

                 Cloud Computing

                 While the concept of Cloud Computing has existed
                 for a long time, it was in 2006 when Google's CEO,
                 Eric Schmidt, formally introduced the term during an
                 industry conference. The concept gained significant
                 traction  as leading  companies like  Amazon,
                 Microsoft, and IBM began to actively promote their
                 cloud-computing  initiatives. Cloud Computing is a
                 centralised  approach  where  data  is processed and
                 stored in remote data centres, relying on the Internet
                 for accessing resources and services. It is ideal for large-scale applications, data analytics and storage with
                 examples like Google Drive, AWS and Microsoft Azure. This approach enables faster innovation,  offers
                 flexibility in resource usage, and supports scalability.
                 Types of Cloud Computing

                 There are several types of cloud computing:
                   Public Cloud: Services are delivered over the public Internet and shared across multiple clients. Public

                   cloud services are managed and maintained by third-party providers, and resources like servers, storage,
                   and applications are provided on a pay-per-use basis. Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS),
                   Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud.
                   Private Cloud: Services are maintained on a private network, either on-site or hosted by a third-party

                   provider, and are used exclusively by one organisation. It offers more control and security compared to
                   public cloud, making it ideal for businesses that require high levels of privacy and compliance.
                   Hybrid  Cloud: A mix  of both public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared
                   between them. This approach enables greater flexibility and optimisation of existing infrastructure. It gives
                   businesses the ability to keep sensitive workloads in a private cloud, while still taking advantage of the
                   scalability and cost-efficiency of the public cloud for less-sensitive applications.

                   Community Cloud: A community cloud is a shared infrastructure that is used by several organizations
                   with common interests or requirements. These organizations may be from the same industry, or have
                   similar security, compliance, or regulatory needs. The cloud infrastructure can be hosted internally or by a
                   third-party provider. Community clouds provide more control over security and privacy compared to the

                   public cloud but are more cost-effective than private clouds.

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