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4.2  DATA PRIVACY

              Data privacy refers to managing personal information, such as your name, address, email, social security
              number, browsing history, online transactions, health records, or location data, to ensure control over how it
              is collected, used, and accessed. It focuses on proper handling, processing, storage, and usage of sensitive
              data, including personal and confidential information like financial and intellectual property data, to meet
              regulatory requirements while protecting confidentiality and integrity.
              The primary purpose of data privacy is to safeguard personal information from unauthorised access, theft,
              or misuse and to empower individuals with control over how their data is used while respecting their privacy
              rights. It is a fundamental human right, especially significant in the digital age, where vast amounts of personal
              data are collected and processed by companies, organisations, and governments.
              Given below are some real-world examples:

              Ð ÐPhotographer: A copyright protects a photographer’s images, allowing them to control their reproduction
                 and usage.

              Ð ÐMusic Producer: Copyright protects songs or albums, ensuring only the producer can authorise their sale
                 or distribution.

              Ð ÐAuthor: An author holds the copyright to their book, giving them the legal right to control its publication,
                 distribution, and reproduction.

              Real-World Data Breaches

              As our dependence on digital platforms grows, so do the risks associated with storing and managing sensitive
              information online. Organisations across sectors, from travel and social media to food and retail have fallen
              victim to data breaches and cyberattacks, highlighting the urgent need for robust cybersecurity measures and
              responsible data handling practices.

              For example:
              Ð ÐRailYatri Data Breach (2020): Data of over 700,000 users, including email IDs, passwords, and travel
                 details, was leaked, showing the risks of inadequate data protection in travel and ticketing services.

              Ð ÐLinkedIn Data Leak (2021): Data of 700 million users, including names, emails, and professional details,
                 was scraped and posted for sale online, underlining risks related to publicly accessible data.

              Ð ÐHaldiram’s Data Breach (2020): The company suffered a ransomware attack where sensitive files including
                 financial data and business records, were stolen and leaked, illustrating how cyberattacks target businesses.

               Case Study: Data Privacy
               Imagine having a special box where you store your favourite toys, drawings, or notes. Data privacy is like
               keeping that box safe and deciding who can peek inside. When you share a secret with a friend, it's similar
               to sharing your personal data. It's fine to share with friends you trust, but you wouldn’t want to share it
               with everyone. Similarly, websites and apps often ask for your secrets—like your name, where you live, or
               the games you enjoy. It’s important to think carefully about who you share this information with and why.


              Importance of Data Privacy
              Data privacy isn’t just about securing personal details like your name or address—it’s a vital aspect of your
              online liberty, self-governance, and protection against risks. Excessive data collection opens doors to profiling
              and targeted ads, which could subtly steer your decisions. On top of that, breaches and unauthorised access
              may lead to identity theft or financial setbacks.

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