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Multitasking and Multithreading: The OS manages multiple tasks or threads, enabling the execution of
multiple programs simultaneously or in parallel. It handles the switching between tasks to ensure responsive
performance.
Networking: The OS handles communication over a network, allowing devices to connect, share resources,
and communicate with other devices across local or global networks. It supports protocols like TCP/IP.
Error Detection and Handling: The OS monitors system activities to detect and handle errors or faults. It
ensures that errors are logged and corrective actions are taken to maintain smooth operations.
Resource Allocation: The OS efficiently allocates resources (CPU time, memory, disk space, etc.) to various
applications and users based on priority, ensuring optimal performance and fairness.
Backup and Recovery: The OS provides mechanisms to back up important data and system files to
prevent data loss due to accidental deletion, hardware failure, or corruption. It also includes recovery
tools to restore the system to a previous state or recover lost data. This is critical for data protection and
system resilience.
Advantages of Operating System
Some of the advantages of an operating system are as follows:
Efficient Resource Management: The OS ensures optimal use of system resources (CPU, memory, storage)
by allocating them based on need, leading to better performance.
User-Friendly Interface: The OS provides a user interface (either graphical or command-line) that allows
users to easily interact with the system and perform tasks.
Security: The OS offers strong security features, protecting the system from malware and unauthorised
access while maintaining user privacy and data integrity.
Multitasking: The OS allows multiple applications to run simultaneously, enhancing productivity and
enabling more efficient use of the computer.
Data Protection: An operating system safeguards data against unauthorised manipulation by implementing
access control measures. It also ensures the secure storage of data for multiple users on the same system
by efficiently partitioning their information.
Backup and Recovery: The OS includes tools for backing up important data and recovering lost or
corrupted files, ensuring data safety and system resilience.
Device Compatibility: The OS facilitates smooth interaction with a wide range of hardware devices,
providing the necessary drivers and interfaces for seamless device management.
Types of Operating System
Batch Operating System: A batch OS groups jobs with similar requirements into batches and processes
them sequentially without user interaction. For example, Early mainframe OS like IBM's OS/360.
Batch 2
User 1 Job 1 Batch 1
Job 7 CPU
Job 4 +
User 2 Job 2 Operator Job 5 OS
Job 1
Job 2 User
Program
User n Job n
Application: Used in systems where multiple jobs need to be processed without user interaction, such as
large-scale computations.
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