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6. What is IIoT?
Ans. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to the application of IoT in industries to improve efficiency, productivity
and safety.
B. Long answer type questions.
1. Explain the growth of IoT in India.
Ans. In India, the growth of IoT is fuelled by government initiatives like the Digital India program and smart city projects.
For instance, smart cities like Pune and Bengaluru are leveraging IoT for efficient traffic management and energy
conservation. Bengaluru’s smart streetlights, equipped with IoT sensors, automatically adjust brightness based
on traffic and pedestrian activity, leading to energy savings. Similarly, IoT-enabled waste management systems in
cities like Indore use sensors to monitor garbage bins and optimise collection schedules.
2. Write some key applications of IIoT.
Ans. Some key applications of IIoT include:
Smart manufacturing: Predictive maintenance and process automation improve operational efficiency. For
instance, sensors embedded in machinery can detect wear and tear, notifying technicians before breakdowns
occur, thereby minimising downtime.
Healthcare: Smart medical devices monitor patients in real-time, improving outcomes. For example,
connected insulin pumps and heart monitors provide continuous data to healthcare providers, ensuring timely
interventions.
Energy Management: Power grids in India are adopting IIoT to optimise energy distribution and detect faults.
Smart meters and renewable energy systems use IIoT for seamless integration and better energy management.
Transportation: IoT is used in fleet management systems to track vehicles and optimise logistics. Smart traffic
management systems are also being deployed in urban areas to reduce congestion and improve safety.
3. List some commonly used operating systems.
Ans. Some of the widely used operating systems include:
Windows and macOS for personal computers
Android and iOS for mobile devices
Linux for servers and developers
Real-time operating systems (RTOS) in medical and automotive industries
4. What are cloud services? Explain the three types of 'as-a-service' solutions.
Ans. Cloud services are infrastructure, platforms, or software that are hosted by third-party providers and made
available to users through the Internet. There are three main types of as-a-Service solutions:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): This is the most basic level of cloud service. IaaS provides virtualised
computing resources over the Internet, such as virtual machines, storage, and networking. It allows businesses
to rent IT infrastructure without owning or managing physical hardware.
Examples of IaaS providers include AWS (Amazon Web Services), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): PaaS provides a platform and environment for developers to build, deploy, and
manage applications without worrying about the underlying hardware and software layers. It typically includes
operating systems, databases, middleware, and development tools. PaaS helps speed up the development
process. For example, Google App Engine, Heroku, and Microsoft Azure App Services.
Software as a Service (SaaS): SaaS delivers fully functional applications over the Internet, which are
managed and maintained by the service provider. Users access these applications via a web browser, and the
infrastructure and platform layers are entirely handled by the provider. For example, Google Workspace (Gmail,
Docs), Microsoft Office 365, and Salesforce.
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