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2.11 ARRAYS IN JAVASCRIPT

              Arrays  are  versatile structures designed  to  store          First Element (at   Fifth Element (at
              multiple  values of the same  type within a single                index 0)          index 4)
              container.  In JavaScript,  arrays  can  accommodate
              various data types, such as numbers, strings, objects,   First Index  A  R   R    A    Y   S
              and even nested arrays. They operate on a zero-based                0    1    2   3    4   5      Indices
              indexing system, meaning the first item is accessible                      Negative index
              using index 0, the second with index 1, and so forth.
              This indexing approach makes arrays an efficient tool for organizing and managing data.
              An array is a special variable, with the capacity to hold several values. Syntax:
                  const array_name = [element1, element2, ...];
              It is a common practice to declare arrays with the const keyword.

              Creating Arrays

              Different ways for creating an array are as follows:
              The simplest way of creating an array is using the array literal:

              Here we simply assign a variable to values written in square bracket [ ], separated with commas.
              For example:

                 const animals = ["lion", "tiger", "giraffe", "elephant"];
              You can also create a blank array, and then specify the elements:

              For example:

                 const birds = [];
                 birds[0]= "pigeon";
                 birds[1]= "sparrow";
                 birds[2]= "eagle";
              By using the new keyword with array, you can create an array
              For example:

                 const currency = new Array("Dollar", "Yen", "Pound");
              Accessing Array Elements

              Array elements can be accessed using the respective index value.

                                                    lion        tiger       giraffe     elephant
                                   Index value       0            1            2            3

              Accessing the First Element of an Array
              To access the first element of an array, you simply use index 0. JavaScript arrays are zero-indexed, meaning
              the first element is at index 0.

              For example:
                  const array = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];

                  // Accessing the first element (index 0)
                  var firstElement = array[0];
                  console.log(firstElement);  // Output: 10
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