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Shutting down the Computer
After we are done with our work and we are in no need to use a computer, then, it is always advisable to do proper
shutdown of the system. Shutting down a computer means sending all the operating system files back to the hard
disk and saving all the work into a proper secondary storage device followed by switching off the power supply to
all the important components of the computer.
The steps to shut down a computer are:
Step 1 Click on Start button. The Start menu appears.
Step 2 Click on Power button and select Shut down option.
OR
Step 1 Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete.
Step 2 Select the power button in the bottom-right corner of the screen.
Step 3 Select the Shut Down option.
OR
Step 1 On the desktop, press Alt + F4 keys. It will display the Shut Down Windows screen.
Step 2 Select the Shut down option.
Brief History of the Internet
In 1969, the Internet was designed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the US Department of
Defense and was known as ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). It was used by military and
academic institutions as an effective method of communication.
ARPANET along with TCP/IP protocol was renamed later in January 1983 as Internet. It was then made available
commercially to all people across the U.S. by connecting different kinds of computers on different networks.
With time it gained popularity and became the “Network of Networks” and extended beyond the boundaries
to spread all across the globe. In 1990, computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, an
important Internet service to access information through hyperlinks and hypertext. After this, there was no looking
back and the Internet became an important part of our lives.
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