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✶ providing login id and password screen for authentication process at the time of accessing the computer.
✶ scrutinizing all incoming and outgoing network traffic through a firewall.
✶ tracking the activities of the antivirus.
✶ keeping a track of the unwanted files sent and received through internet
• Communication Services: This important feature helps in smooth communication in short range or long range
distance using communication devices. It helps:
✶ to establish an initial communication between different devices.
✶ to take care of Internet connection and surf the web.
✶ to ensure that communication protocols are well implemented at the time of data access or data transfer.
Booting
Booting is a process of starting the operating system and loading it in the computer’s memory when the power
is switched on. It is of two types:
• Cold Booting: After the computer is shut down completely followed by power off and then we switch it on to
start it, then, it is called cold booting.
• Warm Booting: It is when we press the restart button without switching off the power supply and the computer
is reloaded with all its operating system files.
Procedure for Starting a Computer
When the power button is switched on Windows 10 follows the given Start up Process:
• As soon as the power is on, ROM loads the BIOS instructions into the computer’s memory.
• It does Power On Self Test to check that all the hardware devices are functioning properly with constant supply
of the electricity. In case there is any error, a beep sound is produced, an error message is displayed on the
screen and the system stops loading windows.
• Windows Loader will do an initial setup to load windows kernel into the computer’s memory (RAM).
• After this, the Operating System will take over the whole process of controlling and configuring the
system.
• After the system configuration is done System Utilities and Antivirus will become active to participate till the
system is on.
• Session Manager will take over and the system is ready for the authentication process to display the user name
and password screen.
• If the valid username and password is entered, then, the Desktop is displayed and the computer is ready to use.
Windows 10—An Operating System
Windows 10 is an operating system designed by Microsoft and released in 2015. It supports graphical user interface
where work can be done easily by using simple mouse clicks.
Components of Windows 10
When we switch on the power button of a computer, then, the system boots and displays the first screen popularly
known as Desktop.
ICT Skills-I 69

