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function from the given data, as shown by the solid line in the given graph. The blue dots shown in the graph are
the data values and the solid line here represents the mapping done for them. With the help of this mapping
function, we can predict the future data. It works with continuous data.
Classification
Classification is another rule-based AI model. It is a systematic
grouping of observations in categories, something like categorising
plants, animals in different taxonomies by biologists. In classification,
you teach the machine to perform with labelled data. Testing data is
then classified as one of the labels of the training dataset. The
algorithm is able to determine which set a given data point belongs
to by means of a classification function represented by the dotted
line. The model classifies datasets according to the rules given to it.
Clustering
Clustering is a machine learning approach where the machine partitions
the dataset into different clusters or categories based on machine-
generated algorithms. The data fed to such a model is usually unlabelled
or random and thus the developer feeds in the data directly into the
machine and instructs it to build its own algorithm. The machine then
forms a pattern or cluster based on training data and groups those that
follow the same pattern. The best clustering is the one that minimizes
the error. Clustering works on discrete dataset.
Human Nervous System
The Human Nervous System is made up of a complex network of specialised nerve cells known as neurons. Neurons
are the building blocks of the nervous system and are responsible for communicating messages throughout the
body. At birth, the human brain consists of an estimated 100 billion neurons. Each firing off 5–50 messages or
signals per second. If you touch something hot, that information goes from your fingertips to your brain, and then
your brain says “move your hand away otherwise it will burn!” and sends information to your fingertips telling
them to move away.
A neuron is made up of a cell body, an axon and dendrites. The cell body has genetic information, maintains the
neuron’s structure, and provides energy during the transmission of signals.
An axon is an elongated structure which joins the cell body. Dendrites are fibrous roots that branch out from the cell
body.
There are three types of neurons in our body:
• Sensory neuron: It carries the sensory signals from sensory organs to the brain. It gets activated when you
touch, smell, hear, see or feel something.
• Motor Neuron: It carries the signal from the brain or spinal cord to the organs, glands or muscles to carry out
voluntary or involuntary movement.
• Interneuron: They connect the sensory and motor neurons to help in the transmission of signals and form a
complex internal neuron network.
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