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✶ Application Software: Software that is designed for a user and is made to do a specific kind of work is called
application software. Some of the examples of application software are:
✶ Microsoft Word and Open Office Writer are used for designing, editing and printing documents.
✶ Spreadsheet is used for creating data in a tabular form so that data calculation, analysis and graphical
representation can be done easily.
Basic Operations of a Computer
Computer performs four basic operations that are input, process, output and storage. Let us discuss these in detail.
Input (Raw Data)
Input is the collection of raw facts or figures in the form of text, numbers, graphs, etc. provided to the computer
using input devices like keyboard, mouse, scanner etc. It is also called raw data or unprocessed data.
Process
Process is a method to convert raw data into meaningful information. The Central Processing Unit(CPU) of the
computer is responsible for processing of data.
Output (Information)
Output is the processed data. It is obtained after manipulation and processing of input (raw) data. It is also called
meaningful data or Information. Computer displays the output to the user through output devices like monitor,
printer, speakers, etc.
Storage
Storage is the process of storing either raw data or processed information. The data can be stored either using
secondary storage devices like flash drive, hard disc, compact disc or online storage medium like Google Drive,
OneDrive, etc.
Input-Process-Output Cycle
All computing work revolves around three parts, which are input, process, and output. These terms are
interrelated.
• An input is accepted by the user through the input devices.
• It is then processed by CPU and sent to the user as an output using output devices.
• There can be a need to store the output for later use in the storage devices.
• Sometimes the result generated acts as an input for the next stage of data flow.
• This flow of information follows a cycle which is known as the Input-Process-Output Cycle.
Input Output
Data Process Information
Storage
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