Page 216 - AI Ver 1.0 Class 9
P. 216

If the number of vehicles on the road increases, the emission levels also increase.


                                                                –





                                                      –                  +
                                           Driving         Safe Streets         Walking



                                          +



                                 Emissions




        We use system maps to understand the complex issues that have inter-connected factors affecting each other.
        A system comprises:

           • Elements: These are different, discrete elements within the system.
           • Interconnections: These are the relationships that connect the elements.

        Rules for system maps are:
           • The circles represent elements.
           • Arrows are used to represent relationships/interconnections.

           • The ‘+’ and ‘-’ signs are indicators of the nature of a relationship. The arrowhead depicts the direction of the
           effect and the sign (+ or -) shows their relationship.

           • If the arrow goes from X to Y with a + sign, it means that both are directly related to each other. That means if
           X increases, Y also increases and vice versa.
           • If the arrow goes from X to Y with a -sign, it means that both the elements are inversely related to each other.
           That means if X increases, Y would decrease and vice versa.

        After collecting accurate data, the next step is data exploration. Data exploration means to find the patterns and
        trends in the data. It is the third stage in the AI project cycle and the initial step in data analysis. It is used to
        understand what is in a dataset and the characteristics of the data.

        Data exploration cleans the big data to provide an input to an AI project. Terabytes of data sitting in the data
        centre unused is a burden, if correctly processed it can become digital gold.


                 Data Visualisation

        Data visualisation is the graphical representation of data and information. By using graphical tools like charts
        and graphs, it is an easier way to understand the trends and patterns in data.

        Data visualisation can be done through a combination of automated tools and manual methods. It encompasses
        all aspects of the visual representation. It helps you arrange your scattered data into a structured pattern with
        specific characteristics following important trends in detail. It also helps to make better decisions.





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