Page 433 - computer science (868) class 11
P. 433

Some of the good ethical practices are as follows:
                 •  Practice 1: Unless software is authentic, we should not use it.
                 •  Practice 2: Using a computer, we should not interfere with others’ computer work.
                 •  Practice 3: Using a computer, we should not harm other people by uploading anything bad about them on social
                   media.
                 •  Practice 4: We should not access other people’s personal data.
                 •  Practice 5: We should not claim others’ intellectual properties.
                 •  Practice 6: Honour and respect the fellow person with whom we are communicating using email and other social
                   media.
                 •  Practice 7: We should confirm before sharing any information on social media.

                     14.4 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
                 Intellectual Property refers to the ideas and innovations that are the creation of an individual mind or a group of minds.

                 Some examples of Intellectual Properties are as follows:
                 i.  Scientific Inventions
                 ii.  Musicals Works
                 iii. Literary and Artistic Works
                 14.4.1  Intellectual Property Rights
                 To protect these creations, there are some legal rights. These legal rights protect the original works from different
                 types of misuse such as unauthorized access and piracy.
                 There are three types of intellectual property rights:


                                                        Intellectual Property Rights






                                       Patents                  Trademarks                 Copyrights




                 •  Patents: This property right gives the owner of the innovation the sole right to produce, use
                   or sell the item at least for the first 5 year, before others could start manufacturing it. This
                   right is also valid for computer software.



                                  •  Trademarks: Trademarks are visuals such as symbols or designs, written materials such as words
                                     or phrases or even sometimes audio effects that uniquely identify the concerned property or
                                     services of a company from the others. Such trademarks cannot be used by other companies.
                                     The validity of trademarks remains with the parent company for 7 years which may continue, if
                                     the company renews the licence.


                 •  Copyright:  Copyright  is  used  for  protecting  different  literary  works  such  as  different  codes  of
                   computer programs, databases, novels, poems, musical compositions, etc. Due to this law, the
                   work of the authors and musicians last for at least seventy years with the author, even he/she dies.






                                                                                                                       431
                                                                                    Trends in Computing and Ethical Issues  431
   428   429   430   431   432   433   434   435   436   437   438