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13                         IMPLEMENTATION OF


                                                                     ALGORITHMS TO SOLVE

                                                                                  PROBLEMS













                        Learning Objectives


 13.1  Concept of Recursion      13.2  Types of Recursion  13.1  Algorithm      13.2  Pseudocodes and Flowcharts
 13.3  Simple Recursive Methods  13.3  Computational Complexity and Big O Notation   13.4  Properties of Writing a Good Algorithm
                   13.5  Some Standard Algorithms



              In our daily life, to accomplish any task systematically, it’s planning must be full proof. This can be done by writing down
              the steps we need to follow in a sequential manner. We can make modifications if we feel that these changes will yield
              better result. After repeated review we finalise our plan and work accordingly. While developing a software we follow
              the same procedure. The steps to be followed are written in details sequentially in simple English. The diagrammatic
              representation of the steps are also done. When the developers are satisfied that the steps will yield the necessary
              result, corresponding coding in high level language is done. Algorithm, Pseudo codes, Flowchart are all are different
              techniques which help us in planning a software.
              Say we want to plant a tree. Then, there are some crucial steps that we
              have to follow. Let us document them one after the other.             #Environmental Awareness
              1.  Choose the right tree that you want to plant. Right tree means the
                 species and full-grown size of the tree is best suited for your place.
              2.  Choose the right place to plant the tree. Right place means the tree has
                 enough space to grow without affecting with surrounding infrastructure or
                 underground pipes.
              3.  Once you select the right tree and place, collect equipment to dig a planting
                 hole. Ensure that the planting hole should be three times wider than the
                 current root mass but should not deeper than the root ball.
              4.  Soften backfill soil as much as possible.
              5.  Fill the 10 to 20 percent area of the planting hole with compost.
              6.  Place the plant in the hole.
              7.  Cover the roots with soil.
              8.  Gently pack the soil around the tree.
              9.  Water the plant regularly to provide suitable growth to the plant.
              Similarly, for any problem solving be it our day-to-day work, or any mathematical or computational problem, we need
              to follow a set of steps in a proper sequence, to achieve our desired goal. In mathematics and computer science, this
              process of listing instructions step-wise is called an Algorithm.



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