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03                           INTRODUCTION TO


                                                                         OBJECT-ORIENTED

                                                                PROGRAMMING USING JAVA














                        Learning Objectives


                    3.1  Computer Language                            3.2  Principles of Object-Oriented Programming Languages
                    3.3  History of Java                              3.4  Types of Java Programs
                    3.5  Creation and Execution of Java Programs using BlueJ   3.6  Errors in Java Programs




                 Java is a third-generation object-oriented programming language. In 1991, James Gosling and Patrick Naughton of Sun
                 Microsystems, Inc. known to be “The Green Team”, started their work on a project of “Interactive Television” where
                 real-time voting was to be done on screen and the user could control the show. Initially, they named it “GreenTalk”.
                 Then renamed it “OAK”. Officially during release, they gave another name Java in 1995. It uses object-oriented
                 technology. Being machine-independent, and its ability to provide interactivity and multimedia showed that it was
                 particularly well suited to develop web technology.

                     3.1 COMPUTER LANGUAGE
                 A computer language can be defined as a set of codes and symbols that are used to write computer programs. It is
                 also known as a programming language. The instructions and data are transmitted to the computer using computer
                 language. There are two types of computer languages, which are as follows:
                 •  Low-Level Languages
                 •  High-Level Languages
                 Let us learn about these in detail.

                 3.1.1 Low-Level Languages (LLL)
                 Low-level languages are referred to as low as they are very close to the machine. They are machine-oriented and require
                 extensive knowledge of computer hardware and its configuration. There are two categories of LLL, which are as follows:
                 •  Machine Language
                 •  Assembly Language

                 Machine Language
                 A  machine language  is also  known as machine code, and  is directly  understood  by  the computer. There  is no
                 requirement to translate it as all instructions are written in binary form (i.e., strings of 0s and 1s, e.g., 10111010110….).
                 It is called the first generation language. But these languages become difficult for programmers to understand. So, they
                 shifted to assembly language.



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