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4.5 HISTORY OF JAVA
James Gosling developed Java in the year 1991 at Sun Microsystems, Inc., with the help of Patrick Naughton
and Mike Sheridan. Java was first released on May 23, 1995, under the name JDK Beta. Basically, it was
designed for small embedded systems used in digital appliances like washing machines, set-top boxes, etc.
However, its applications grew rapidly over time, and it is now widely used in Internet programming, gaming,
electronic commerce, mobile phones, and other areas. Thus, Java has a variety of uses in real life today.
4.5.1 Characteristics of Java
There are various characteristic features of Java that make it a popular programming language among programmers
these days. Some of them are as follows:
• It uses the OOP concept which is essential for modern programmers.
• It is a machine-independent language.
• It uses the principle of WORA, i.e., Write Once Run Anywhere. This principle allows to develop a program on one
computer under a specific operating system and execute in other computers which may have different operating
systems. Thus, Java provides free execution on any platform such as Windows, Linux, etc.
• It has other features like configurable security, file access restrictions, etc.
• It uses both a compiler as well as an interpreter.
• Java is considered to be more dynamic than C and C++.
• It is simple and object-oriented.
• It is architecture-neutral and handy.
• It is a case-sensitive language.
• It enables high performance.
• It tries to eliminate error-prone situations as it stresses compile time error and runtime scrutiny.
4.5.2 Uses/Applications of Java
The uses of Java are as follows:
• It is used in web development as it is machine-independent and uses the concept of OOP.
• It can run in a network and hence, major web browsers incorporated the ability to run Java applets within web
pages. This made Java very popular.
4.6 TYPES OF JAVA PROGRAMMING
Java is used to create two main types of applications. They are: standalone applications and applets.
4.6.1 Java Standalone Application
A standalone application refers to the application that can be executed locally on any device and requires no external
help for its execution, not even any Internet connection.
4.6.2 Java Applet
Applets are the codes in Java that are downloaded from a website on a client computer and can only be executed
within a web browser.
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