Page 104 - Computer Science V2.0 Class 11

2. Program Design: The IT community has developed tools like algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocodes for
representing the solution to a problem. Given a problem, an algorithm is a sequence of steps to be followed in
solving it. Flowcharts and pseudocodes are representations of algorithms. A flowchart is a pictorial representation
of an algorithm. A pseudocode describes an algorithm using constructs similar to a programming language, but
not specific to any programming language. The details of each of these representations are presented in section
4.2. In practice, the solution to a complex problem requires the development of several programs, collectively
called software solution or simply software.

1. Algorithm: A sequence of steps to be followed in solving a problem.
2. Flowchart: A pictorial representation of an algorithm.
3. Pseudocode: It describes an algorithm using constructs similar to a programming language but not specific to
any programming language.

3. Coding: An algorithm must be translated into a program in a programming language before it can be executed by
a computer to produce the expected result. The process of translating an algorithm into a computer program is
called coding and the program so developed is called source code or simply code.

1. Coding: The process of translating an algorithm into a computer program.
2. Source code, code: synonyms for the program

4. Testing and Debugging: Once a program is developed, it is tested on several example data to ensure that it is
working as expected. During the testing phase, one typically detects several errors which must be fixed before the
program can be put into use. The process of removing errors is called debugging.

Debugging: The process of removing errors from a program.

4.2 Algorithm, Flowchart, and Pseudocode

You must have attended several events in your day-to-day life, such as the Independence Day celebrations, an annual
school function, or a marriage function. An invitation to an event such as the Independence Day celebration describes
the celebration's program in sequence. For example, the Independence Day program may appear as follows:
1. Principal's arrival at the morning assembly of the school.
2. Hoisting the national flag.

3. National Anthem.
4. Address by the Principal.
5. Cultural events
a. Dance by Nursery Section
b. Skit by Nursery Section

c. Dance by Primary Section
d. Music by Primary Section
e. Drama by Secondary Section
f. Poetry by the Senior Secondary Section

6. National Anthem
7. Dispersal of the students and the teachers to the classes.

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