Page 31 - Computer Science V2.0 Class 11

2. Expand the following:
RAM, OMR, CUI, ALU
Ans. Random Access Memory
Optical Mark Reader
Command-Based User Interface
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
3. Differentiate between the following:
(i) RAM and ROM
(ii) Data Bus and Address Bus
(iii) Compiler and Interpreter
(iv) CUI and GUI
Ans. (i) RAM and ROM
RAM:
Random Access Memory
Volatile
Read/Write Memory
ROM:
Read-Only Memory
Non-volatile
Stores instructions that are to be rarely changed
(ii) Data Bus and Address Bus
Data Bus:
Used to transfer data between different components of the CPU.
Address Bus:
Used to transfer addresses of memory locations from where the CPU has to read or write data.
(iii) Compiler and Interpreter
Compiler:
Translates the program written in a high-level language to machine code in one go.
All errors in a program are reported along with line numbers.
Once the program is translated into machine code; the compiler is not needed to execute the program.
Interpreter:
Translates the program written in a high-level language to machine code line by line.
The interpreter moves to the next line only if it is able to process the current line successfully.
(iv) CUI and GUI
CUI:
Command Based User Interface
The user interacts with the computer system by typing commands
Uses keyboard to give input
Example–MS-DOS and Unix
GUI:
Graphical User Interface
Consists of menus, icons and other such visual components
Uses keyboard and mouse to give input
Example–Microsoft Windows

Computer Fundamentals 17