Page 477 - Computer Science V2.0 Class 11

The term of a patent is usually 20 years, starting from the date of the patent application. The Controller General of
Patents, Designs, and Trademarks (CGPDTM) office oversees the management of the Indian Patent Office. The person
who owns the patent may sue anyone who uses the patented invention in the country without their permission.

Trademark
A trademark is a distinctive symbol, pattern, or phrase that sets one source’s goods and services apart from those of
other sources. It can be a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, image, or a combination of these elements. A
trademark can be obtained by an individual, business organisation, or a legal entity. It may be applied to a package,
a voucher, a label, or on the product itself. The owner of a trademark may prevent competitors from using similar or
identical signs, as doing so could create confusion and call into question the authenticity of the goods or services to
which the trademark is attached. The following symbols are used to notify a trademark:

● – for an unregistered trademark: Unregistered trademarks are those that have not yet, but may have been
applied for registration. It is applicable to both products and services. However, compared to the legal protection
provided to registered trademarks, the protection they receive is quite limited.

● – registered trademark: A registered trademark provides legal sanction to a trademark that prevents others
from using it.
15.6.2 Violation of IPR

When an individual or an organisation claims ownership of someone else’s work, it is an act of IPR infringement. Below,
we give some examples of violations of IPR:

Plagiarism

When someone passes off the words, ideas, or expressions of another author as their own, it is an act of plagiarism.
Below, we give some examples of plagiarism:

● Submitting someone else’s work as your own to the instructor for evaluation.
● Using someone else’s thoughts or ideas without giving them due credit.
● Misrepresenting a quotation’s source by providing false information.
● araphrasing—changing words but copying the essence of a source without giving credit.
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● Copying media (often images) from other websites to your websites.
● Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.
Several online plagiarism checkers are available, two of which are listed as follows:
iThenticate – It is a popular tool among scholars, publishers, and researchers. It is applied before a work is submitted
for publication to an institution, a journal, or a conference. It offers comprehensive results, highlighting text sections
that are similar to the sources available on the Internet.
Grammarly is an AI-powered writing assistant. It also works as a plagiarism checking tool, which matches the text with
billions of web pages.

Copyright Infringement

The use or creation of copyright-protected works without the owner’s consent is copyright infringement. For example,
people may copy music and movies without paying for them, thus violating the copyrights. Some websites provide
books and articles from journals without respecting copyrights.

Trademark Infringement

Unauthorised use of a brand or service mark is known as trademark infringement. A trademark violation may be
aimed at causing misunderstandings, spreading lies, or creating confusion about where a good or service comes from.

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