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    3.  What is the Five Factor Model? Explain any three factors of this model.
                  Ans.   An individual's personality may be described using five characteristics. These five dimensions are also known as the
                        ‘Big Five Factors’, and the concept is known as the ‘Five Factor Model’, or FFM.
                           • Openness: Individuals who are open to new experiences are often creative, curious, energetic, adaptable, and
                          adventurous. An open-minded individual is someone interested in learning new things, meeting new people, and
                          making new friends, as well as travelling to new areas.
                           • Consciousness: People who listen to their conscience are self-disciplined, do their work on time, put others first,
                          and are concerned about the sentiments of others.
                           • Extraversion: Extroverts are people who enjoy connecting with others and are often sociable. A confident and
                          extrovert person is someone who can readily make friends and make any gathering interesting.

                    4.  When  a  person  becomes  self-aware,  he  or  she  becomes  aware  of  everything  and  begins  to  look  at  things  or
                        circumstances objectively. List the steps of becoming self-aware.
                  Ans.  The steps are to become self-aware are:
                           • Become Conscious of One's Emotions: The first step in developing self-awareness is to become more conscious
                          of one’s emotions. This means noticing how one feel in various situations—whether it’s joy, frustration, sadness,
                          or excitement—and paying attention to the physical sensations and thoughts that accompany these emotions.
                           • Develop a Practice of Journaling One's Feelings: The second step is to develop a practice of journaling your
                          feelings. By writing down your emotions, triggers, and experiences, you create a safe space to process and reflect
                          on them. Journaling helps you track patterns in your emotional responses and gain deeper insights into what
                          influences your behaviour.
                           • Broaden One's Practice to Other Aspects of Life: The third step in practicing self-awareness is to expand your
                          focus beyond just your emotions. Start observing other areas of your life, such as your thoughts, reactions to
                          situations, values, and actions. Reflect on how these aspects interconnect and shape your experiences, enabling
                          you to see the bigger picture of who you are.

                    5.  Agrim  does  not  like  following  rules.  He  never  stops  at  a  red  light,  frequently  gets  into  arguments  with  his
                        friends and becomes quite aggressive. What kind of personality disorder is Agrim suffering from? Define this
                        personality disorder.
                  Ans.   Agrim is suffering from anti-social personality disorder. It is characterised by a disdain for social rules and duties.
                        They are irritable and aggressive, and they behave rashly. They have a lack of shame and fail to learn from their
                        mistakes. They may lie, steal, abuse, and may develop an addiction to alcohol or narcotics.
                                                                                                           #Communication
                C.   Competency-based/Application-based question.                                  21 st  Century   #Social Interaction
                                                                                                       Skills
                    Niti wants to succeed in life. She wants to have it all – money, fame and prosperity. What would be your advice to Niti?
                  Ans.  Niti should cultivate the following skills:
                           • Positive thinking: believing that one is capable of accomplishing one's goals.
                           • Result orientation: the ability to think big and work towards attaining the desired or pre-determined results.
                           • Self-awareness: being aware of one’s personality traits, knowing one’s weaknesses and maximising one’s strengths.

                                                         Unsolved Exercise

                     Objective Type Questions (Section A)

                A.   Tick ( ) the correct option.
                    1.  Which of the following is characterised by an extreme feeling of self importance?        [NCERT]
                        a.  Narcissistic personality disorder            b.  Borderline personality disorder

                        c.  Dependent personality disorder               d.  None of these

                                                                                       Self-Management Skills-IV    35

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