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int 32 –2147483648 2147483647
long 64 –9223372036854775808 9223372036854775807
char 16 0 65535
float 32 1.4E -45 3.4028235E38
double 64 4.9E-324 1.7976931348623157E308
boolean 1 False True
Non-Primitive Data Types
The non-primitive data types are derived from primitive data types. Non-primitive data types are
also known as reference data types. Some of the examples are class, interface, and array.
Literals
A literal denotes a constant value. Java has various types of literals. They are as follows:
Character Literal: A character literal is enclosed in single quotes and has exactly one character.
For example, ‘a’ is a character literal that means the letter a.
String Literal: A string literal is enclosed in double quotes. For example, “Hello World.”
Integer Literal: An integer literal is any number without a fraction. For example, 10 and 012
Floating-Point Literal: Any number with decimal points, like 3.12, is treated as a
floating-point literal.
Boolean Literal: Boolean literals can have either true or false values. They do not correspond
to 0 or 1 values as in C/C++.
Variables
Variables are memory locations used to store values. When a variable is created, space is
allocated to it in the memory. This memory space is identified by the name that we give to the
variable. It is easy to create a variable in Java.
Declaring a Variable
In Java, a variable needs to be declared before use. Declaring a variable involves two steps: giving
the variable a name and stating what type of data is to be stored in the variable.
For example,
int age;
String name;
float temp;
double price;
Here, four variables named age, name, temp, and price are declared with the int, String, float, and
double data types, respectively.
Program Coding 57

