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FUNCTIONS

                  Functions are pre-defined formulas in Excel to perform both simple and complex calculations.
                  They accept arguments and return values. Arguments are input to the functions. These
                  arguments can be number or text. The values should be given in between opening and
                  closing ( ) parenthesis.
                  Rules for using Functions

                      All Excel functions must begin with = sign.

                      Function name must be a valid Excel name.
                      Function must be followed by opening and closing parenthesis.
                      Most of the functions must contain an argument within them.
                  Categories of Functions


                  MS Excel provides the following categories of functions:
                      Statistical Functions: Calculates the maximum, minimum, average etc., of a set of numeric data.
                       Date and Time Functions: Calculates the day, month and year in a date and hour, minute and
                     second in a particular time.
                       Mathematical Functions: Calculates the square root or absolute value of a number, product
                     of numbers, etc.
                      Logical Functions: Evaluates conditions such as X > 5 and gives the result as true or false.

                       Text Functions: Performs a number of operations on strings (i.e. a collection of characters
                     like 'hello', 'friend', 'computer', etc.) such as finding the length of a string, joining two strings,
                     searching for one string inside another, etc.

                  Let us discuss some of these categories in detail.
                  Mathematical Functions


                           Functions                          Purpose                             Example
                                                                                       Input: =SUM(4,8,12,16)
                   SUM(range)                  It returns the sum of a range.
                                                                                       Output: 40
                                               It multiplies the values in a range of   Input: =PRODUCT(4,2,8)
                   PRODUCT(range)
                                               cells.                                  Output: 64

                                               It returns  the remainder  after  a     Input: =MOD(8,5)
                   MOD(number, divisor)
                                               number is divided by the divisor.       Output: 3

                                               It returns the square root of the       Input: =SQRT(81)
                   SQRT(number)
                                               given number.                           Output: 9

                                               It rounds number to an integer  Input: =INT(14.25)
                   INT(number)
                                               value.                                  Output: 14

                                               It returns the result of a number       Input: =POWER(5,3)
                   POWER(number, power)
                                               raised to some power.                   Output: 125



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