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ANDROIDS
When a robot is designed to execute highly sophisticated instructions, it is referred to as an
android.
An Android is a robot or synthetically designed organism that is designed to look and act like a
human. They have a body that has flesh like covering. They have largely been seen in science fiction
movies. But efforts and research and developments in robotics has allowed the design of functional
and realistic humanoid robots The Sophia robot is the latest example of humanoid robot.
Android also refers to a mobile operating system (OS)
based on Linux. It is primarily designed for touch screen
mobile devices like smartphones and tablet computers.
This OS uses touch inputs that are similar to real-life
actions, such as swiping, tapping, pinching and reverse
pinching. Android OS is also used in game consoles and
digital cameras. Android Operating System Smartphones
MECHATRONICS
The field of mechanics and electronics together has given rise to a
new emerging sector called Mechatronics. Now, robotics is exploring
the possibility of helping physically challenged people to overcome
their limitations. For example, a mechatronic arm is being developed
to assist people who have a problem with basic mobility.
Robots have found an important place in the surgical procedures also.
Unmanned surgery, surgery with minimum cutting or puncturing of
skin has been possible because of robots. Robotic surgery not only
reduces the pain of people, it also reduces blood loss and transfusions. Robotic arm
The surgical procedures are very precise and the process requires
smaller incisions. Virtual reality surgeries are conducted without hurting a real person. This
technology has been used by surgeons for practicing and mastering the techniques.
Recap
Robots are made up of a vast variety of electronic components, sensors, servo motors,
flexible-flemible axis devices, chips and microprocessors, etc.
Robotics is the engineering science and technology of robots, their designing,
manufacturing and application.
A robot designed to execute highly sophisticated instructions is referred to as an
android.
Robots are broadly classified into two types—industrial robots and service robots.
Emotion sensors have been developed that can recognise the feelings of a person
with their facial expressions.
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 83

