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EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
               01















                  Your Aim

                  to learn about:
                       Early Counting Tools                           Abacus— First Calculating Device
                         Pascaline Adding Machine                       Leibniz Step Reckoner

                          Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine             Lady Ada Lovelace’s Programs
                           Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine         Computer Generations


            Dear Students! You have learnt about computers in your previous class.
            Computer is a familiar word for you today. But have you ever thought ‘Who invented

            the computer?’ This machine is an outcome of labour of a number of minds. No
            particular  person  can be credited  with  the  invention of computers,  but  several
            names stand out in the crowd.

                EARLY COUNTING TOOLS

            Since ancient times, people have invented tools for calculations. Early man tied
            knots in a rope and carved marks on clay in order to keep the records. They also
            used to count with the help of fingers, toes, pebbles, stones, sticks, bones, etc.













                                                   Early Counting Tools
                ABACUS— FIRST CALCULATING DEVICE

            The first step towards computing was the invention of Abacus around
            3000 years ago, in China. It is a wooden frame with beads on parallel

            wires which can do simple calculations like addition and subtraction.
            This device is used to calculate numbers at a fast speed.                                 Abacus

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