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FUNCTIONS

            Functions are predefined formulas in Excel to perform both simple and complex calculations.
            They accept arguments and return values. Arguments are input to the functions. These
            arguments can be number or text. The values should be given in between opening and
            closing ( ) parenthesis.

            Rules for Using Functions

                All Excel functions must begin with = sign.
                Function name must be a valid Excel name.
                Function must be followed by opening and closing parenthesis.
                Most of the functions must contain an argument within it.
            Categories of Functions


            Excel 2016 provides the following categories of functions:
                Statistical Functions: Calculates the maximum, minimum, average etc., of a set of numeric data.
                 Date and Time Functions: Calculates the day, month and year in a date and the hour, minute
               and second in a particular time.
                 Mathematical Functions: Calculates the square root or absolute value of a number, product
               of numbers etc.
                Logical Functions: Evaluates conditions such as X > 5 and give the result as true or false.

                 Text Functions: Performs a number of operations on strings (i.e. a collection of characters
               like 'hello', 'friend', 'computer', etc.) such as finding the length of a string, joining two strings,
               searching for one string inside another etc.
            Let us discuss some of these categories in detail.
            Mathematical Functions


                     Functions                          Purpose                             Example
                                                                                 Input: =SUM(4,8,12,16)
             SUM(range)                  It returns the sum of a range.
                                                                                 Output: 40
                                         It multiplies the values in a range of   Input: =PRODUCT(4,2,8)
             PRODUCT(range)
                                         cells.                                  Output: 64

                                         It returns  the remainder  after  a     Input: =MOD(8,5)
             MOD(number, divisor)
                                         number is divided by the divisor.       Output: 3
                                         It returns the square root of the       Input: =SQRT(81)
             SQRT(number)
                                         given number.                           Output: 9

                                         It rounds number to an integer  Input: =INT(14.25)
             INT(number)
                                         value.                                  Output: 14

                                         It returns the result of a number       Input: =POWER(5,3)
             POWER(number, power)
                                         raised to some power.                   Output: 125



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