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FUNCTIONS
Functions are predefined formulas in Excel to perform both simple and complex calculations.
They accept arguments and return values. Arguments are input to the functions. These
arguments can be number or text. The values should be given in between opening and
closing ( ) parenthesis.
Rules for Using Functions
All Excel functions must begin with = sign.
Function name must be a valid Excel name.
Function must be followed by opening and closing parenthesis.
Most of the functions must contain an argument within it.
Categories of Functions
Excel 2016 provides the following categories of functions:
Statistical Functions: Calculates the maximum, minimum, average etc., of a set of numeric data.
Date and Time Functions: Calculates the day, month and year in a date and the hour, minute
and second in a particular time.
Mathematical Functions: Calculates the square root or absolute value of a number, product
of numbers etc.
Logical Functions: Evaluates conditions such as X > 5 and give the result as true or false.
Text Functions: Performs a number of operations on strings (i.e. a collection of characters
like 'hello', 'friend', 'computer', etc.) such as finding the length of a string, joining two strings,
searching for one string inside another etc.
Let us discuss some of these categories in detail.
Mathematical Functions
Functions Purpose Example
Input: =SUM(4,8,12,16)
SUM(range) It returns the sum of a range.
Output: 40
It multiplies the values in a range of Input: =PRODUCT(4,2,8)
PRODUCT(range)
cells. Output: 64
It returns the remainder after a Input: =MOD(8,5)
MOD(number, divisor)
number is divided by the divisor. Output: 3
It returns the square root of the Input: =SQRT(81)
SQRT(number)
given number. Output: 9
It rounds number to an integer Input: =INT(14.25)
INT(number)
value. Output: 14
It returns the result of a number Input: =POWER(5,3)
POWER(number, power)
raised to some power. Output: 125
Formulas and Functions 27

