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✶  Biometric      Authentication:       Biometric
               authentication  is  a process in which
               biological  characteristics  such  as  finger
               print, face and retina are used to check the
               identity  of  an  individual.  In  this  process,  a
               biometric  machine  is used  to  capture  the
               biological details of a person and compare
               these details with the existing details, which
               are stored in computer. It is an automated
               method of recognising a person’s identity by
               using his/her biological characteristics.                      Biometric Authentication

                (i)   Face  Recognition:  Face  recognition  is
                   the process to identify an individual by
                   using his/her facial features.  Biometric
                   machine captures  the facial image or
                   video  of  person's  face.  This image  is
                   transformed into a unique faceprint. The
                   image is transformed using a technique
                   called 'elastic graph matching'. Images
                   are sent to a back-end database  for
                   comparison      and    possible     match.
                   Algebraic  algorithms are  used to
                                                                                 Face Recognition
                   make a  perfect  match.  Currently,  face
                   recognition technique is most widely used in smartphones.


             Tech


               Funda
                                  Biometrics were used during prehistoric times.
                                  Chinese used finger prints in the 14th century for identification.

                                  In the 17th century, finger prints were used to seal official documents.

                (ii)   Iris and Retinal  Recognition:  Biometrics  which  analyse  the  complex  and  unique
                    characteristics of the eyes can be divided into two different types:

                       Iris  biometrics:  Iris  is  the  coloured  band  of  tissue  that  surrounds  the  pupil  of  the
                      eye. An iris recognition system uses a video camera to capture the sample while the
                      software compares the resulting data against stored templates.
                       Retina biometrics: Retina is the layer of blood vessels at the back of the eye. A retinal
                      recognition system shoots an infrared light beam into eye that has been placed closed
                      to the signal receiver.
                    Then, the gentic factors are entracted and analysed by the analyser to grant access.



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