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Binary Number System

                  The word binary comes from 'Bi-' meaning two. We see 'bi-' in words such as ‘bicycle‘ (two
                  wheels) or ‘binocular’ (two eyes). The binary numbers have the base of 2.



                          Fun         •   A single binary digit (like '0' or ‘1’) is called a ‘bit’. For example, 11010
                          Fact!
                                        is five bits long. The word bit is made up of the words 'binary digit’.
           Prime (Ver. 2.2)-VII  A computer is made up of electronic components, which can be in two states: ON or OFF.




                  These states are represented by the binary digits 1 (ON) and 0 (OFF). Every instruction
                  given to a computer is converted into a series of 0's and 1's, so that it can be understood
                  and implemented by the computer. Binary language is, therefore, known as the machine

                  language.
                  A binary number is made up of only 0s and 1s. Example of Binary Number: 110100. There is
           8
                  no 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 in Binary.

                                      Name      Size (bits)                 Examples
                                     Bit              1        Single digit  either 0 or 1
                                     Nibble           4        Group of 4 digits either 0 or 1

                                     Byte             8        Group of 8 digits either 0 or 1
                                     Word            16        Group of 16 digits either 0 or 1

                  In a binary number, if the last digit is 1, the number is odd. If the last digit is 0, the

                  number is even. For example, the binary number 1101 represents an odd number (13); while
                  10010 represents an even number (18)
                  Let us first learn how to form binary numbers.

                  As the binary number system consists of two digits 0s and 1s, hence, its base is 2. Each
                  digit or bit in binary number system can be either 0 or 1. A combination of binary digits
                  may be used to represent different quantities like 1001. The positional value of each digit
                  in binary number is twice the place value or face value of the digit of its right side. The
                  weight of each position is a power of 2.

                  The place value of the digits according to position and weight is as follows:

                            Position       3         2          1         0         •         –1        –2
                            Weights        2 3       2 2       2 1       2 0                 2 –1      2 –2



                   Octal Number System

                  The octal number system consists of eight digits from 0 to 7. Hence, the base of octal
                  number system is 8. In this system, the position of each digit represents a power of 8.
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