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Bandwidth
                 The capability of a transmission medium to transmit the maximum amount of data from one

                 computer to another over a computer network in a given amount of time is called bandwidth.
                 A bandwidth is generally in bits per second (bps) or Bytes per second (Bps), Kilobytes per

                 second (KBps) and Megabytes per second (MBps). There can be various types of bandwidths
                 which are network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

                  Devices Required for a Network                                                                            COMPUTER NETWORKING


                 There are various types of devices and components required for a network, such as Network
                 Interface Card (NIC), Hub, Switch, Router, Modem and Network Cable. Let us discuss about
                 these in detail.


                  Network Interface Card (NIC)

                 It is an expansion card that enables a computer to access a network. It allows the                       21

                 computer to connect to a network through a wired or wireless medium.

                                          Hub or Switch                                                      NIC

                                        It is hardware device that has various ports to which the computers,
                     Hub or Switch      printers and other networking devices are connected. The main function

                 of a hub is to direct information around the network and facilitate communication between all
                 the connected devices.

                  Router

                 It is a networking device used to connect and facilitate transfer of data
                 in the form of packets between two networks. It finds best route for

                 transmitting data packets over the network.  It is located at the gateways
                 where two networks connect.                                                            Router


                           Modem

                          It stands for MODULATOR—DEMODULATOR. It is a hardware device that is used
                          to connect a computer to the Internet via a telephone line or a wireless medium.
                          It converts data from digital to analog and vice versa. The process of converting

                          analog signals to digital signals is called demodulation. The process of converting
                Modem
                          digital signals to analog signals is called modulation.


                  Networking Cable

                 Networking cable, also known as Ethernet cable, is a transmission medium
                 that allows to transport information from one place to other place.                  Ethernet Cable
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