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Research
Research in any field was minuscule as there were not enough IT tools available in the past. Researchers and
Scientists now make use of supercomputers and mainframe computers to compile and analyze a vast amount
of data at a very high speed. Computers have led to innovations and research in a way that would have not
been possible solely by humans. Researchers can simulate different inputs in computers to get the desired
output. It has helped mankind in many ways such as:
atellite aunching and Communication: It helps scientists in designing, developing and launching
satellites through specifically programmed computers. These satellites have IT devices that are used to
transmit various data related to the geography of earth and other planets in outer space which are analyzed
by scientists using high-end computerized devices to derive meaningful information.
o otics: Computer science has led to the development of artificial intelligence in the form of robotics
which is concerned with the design, construction, and operation of robots that can substitute for humans
and replicate human actions.
Comple esearch tudies: Studies like impact of nuclear tests, D A tests, etc. can be done with the help of
computers. Computers use artificial intelligence to derive multiple probabilities of any complex problem or
situation thus helping research scholars with various solutions.
Measure o cale o atural Disasters: The intensity of certain natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis,
etc. can be measured. Deep sensing radars send seismic data to specialized computers for daily analysis to
calculate the scale of natural disasters. For example, the measurement of earthquake on the Richter scale.
eather orecasting and rediction: The weather can now be analyzed and forecasted by using different
types of IT devices to predict the state of the atmosphere (temperature, humidity, rain, wind, etc.) for a
particular time and place.
Defense
In the past, it was difficult to track the movement of enemy troops. In modern warfare, computers analyze
pictures taken from satellites for tracking enemy movements. Many technologies like PS ( lobal Positioning
System) and the Internet were initially created or started for defense services. Computers are an important
aspect of the defense industry. Advanced IT tools facilitate:
Design o eapons: Computers are now helping in designing new and advanced forms of weapons.
Coding Decoding and ransmission o Confidential Messages: There are certain confidential information
related to the security of the nation which requires extreme secrecy in delivery. These confidential
information and classified files are now transmitted in the form of encrypted messages and with multiple
levels of coding using specialized computer software and the same is decoded at the receiving end using
proper authentication and decoding software.
dentification: The pictures of enemy troop movements are taken through satellites and plotted using
computers thus identifying the exact enemy locations.
imulation: Missile operations are first tested or simulated on computers before the final implementation.
Criminal dentification and a En orcement
In the past, criminal record maintenance was done through archived files kept in police stations but with the
advent of computers, criminal record maintenance has become paperless. The city traffic signals which were
managed manually by traffic police are gradually being replaced with automated traffic management signals.
Computers facilitate the criminal identification and law enforcement departments in:
rac ing: The location of a suspicious person or accused can now be tracked through their mobile phone
signals.
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