Page 142 - open office
P. 142

Research
              Research in any field was minuscule as there were not enough IT tools available in the past. Researchers and
              Scientists now make use of supercomputers and mainframe computers to compile and analyze a vast amount
              of data at a very high speed. Computers have led to innovations and research in a way that would have not
              been possible solely by humans. Researchers can simulate different inputs in computers to get the desired
              output. It has helped mankind in many ways such as:
                 atellite   aunching  and  Communication:  It  helps scientists in designing,  developing  and  launching
                 satellites through specifically programmed computers. These satellites have IT devices that are used to
                 transmit various data related to the geography of earth and other planets in outer space which are analyzed
                 by scientists using high-end computerized devices to derive meaningful information.
                 o otics: Computer science has led to the development of artificial intelligence in the form of robotics
                 which is concerned with the design, construction, and operation of robots that can substitute for humans
                 and replicate human actions.
                Comple   esearch  tudies: Studies like impact of nuclear tests, D A tests, etc. can be done with the help of
                 computers. Computers use artificial intelligence to derive multiple probabilities of any complex problem or
                 situation thus helping research scholars with various solutions.
                Measure o   cale o   atural Disasters: The intensity of certain natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis,
                 etc. can be measured. Deep sensing radars send seismic data to specialized computers for daily analysis to
                 calculate the scale of natural disasters. For example, the measurement of earthquake on the Richter scale.
                 eather  orecasting and  rediction: The weather can now be analyzed and forecasted by using different
                 types of IT devices to predict the state of the atmosphere (temperature, humidity, rain, wind, etc.) for a
                 particular time and place.

              Defense

              In the past, it was difficult to track the movement of enemy troops. In modern warfare, computers analyze
              pictures taken from satellites for tracking enemy movements. Many technologies like  PS ( lobal Positioning
              System) and the Internet were initially created or started for defense services. Computers are an important
              aspect of the defense industry. Advanced IT tools facilitate:
                Design o   eapons: Computers are now helping in designing new and advanced forms of weapons.
                Coding  Decoding and  ransmission o  Confidential Messages: There are certain confidential information
                 related  to  the  security  of  the  nation  which  requires  extreme  secrecy  in  delivery.  These  confidential
                 information and classified files are now transmitted in the form of encrypted messages and with multiple
                 levels of coding using specialized computer software and the same is decoded at the receiving end using
                 proper authentication and decoding software.
                 dentification: The pictures of enemy troop movements are taken through satellites and plotted using
                 computers thus identifying the exact enemy locations.
                 imulation: Missile operations are first tested or simulated on computers before the final implementation.

              Criminal  dentification and  a  En orcement
              In the past, criminal record maintenance was done through archived files kept in police stations but with the
              advent of computers, criminal record maintenance has become paperless. The city traffic signals which were
              managed manually by traffic police are gradually being replaced with automated traffic management signals.
              Computers facilitate the criminal identification and law enforcement departments in:
                 rac ing: The location of a suspicious person or accused can now be tracked through their mobile phone
                 signals.


               142     Touchpad Information Technology-IX
   137   138   139   140   141   142   143   144   145   146   147