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Generally the situation of emergency occurs as a result of some disaster. Disaster may be either natural or caused by
            some human activity.
            Some of the types of emergencies that require evacuation are as follows:
            •  Fire                                              •  Hurricane
            •  Explosion                                         •  Tornado
            •  Floods                                            •  Toxic material release
            •  Earthquake                                        •  Civil disturbance
            •  Workplace violence


                    PROTECTING HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK
            Workplace health and safety is of utmost importance whether it is a small company or a big organisation. Expecting
            a safe, secure and hazard free workplace is the right of every employee in any organisation. Companies who wish to
            progress can achieve great heights only when the employees are happy, healthy and safe.
            This unit deals with hazards and providing a safe environment to its employees.

            Hazards and Sources Of Hazards

            A hazard is a situation where there is a potential for harm, damage or any kind of loss of health or life. Hazards can be
            of different types depending on the industry and the environment in which the employees work.
            The different types of hazards include:
            •  Physical                                          •  Biological
            •  Chemical                                          •  Mechanical

            Occupational Hazards

            An occupational hazard is the risk or illness associated with a specific occupation. An employee of a specific organisation
            may face occupational hazards at the workplace. Controlling occupational health hazards reduces the occurrence of
            work-related diseases and accidents. This will help to improve worker health and morale, resulting in lower absenteeism
            and increased worker efficiency.
            Some of the common occupational hazards are as follows:

            •  Physical hazards: These are hazards due to change in the surrounding environment like noise pollution, vibration
              and shocks, illumination, radiation, heat, ventilation, air and water pollution.
            •  Chemical hazards: It is caused by chemical exposure in the workplace. Workers may suffer from respiratory diseases,
              skin diseases, allergies, heart disease, cancer, and neurological disorders.
            •  Biological hazards: These hazards are due to diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, vi ruses, insects, dietary deficiencies,
              excessive drinking, allergies, brain fever, imbalances, tetanus, stresses and strains.
            •  Behavioural hazards: These are hazards due to unsafe behaviours like not wearing safety equipment to perform a task.
            •  Radiological hazards: These are hazards due to exposure to radiation.
            •  Ergonomic hazards: These hazards occur due to changes in the environment that harm the musculoskeletal system
              Like discomfort in the office chair, long sitting hours, carrying heavy load on the back, etc.



                    CASE STUDIES OF HAZARDS/ACCIDENT DUE TO SITUATIONS AVOIDABLE

            These are a few examples of Hazardous/Accidental situations where safety or consciousness was not there or was missed.
            Case Study 1: Accident due to Opening of Car Door

            On a single carriageway, traffic was moving very close to each other from both sides. A car stopped next to vegetable
            vendor parked on the road side.

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