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Personal Space and Proximity
            Personal Space refers to the appropriate distance during a conversation or space surrounding each person. Factors like
            regional culture, gender, age, ethnicity, or topic of conversation affects a personal distance. While going in a lift, if a
            stranger enters, we feel uncomfortable and try making no eye contact and acting busy. Similarly, if a classmate sits on
            your seat, you will try your best to convince him to go to some other place as we have a claim of our own space and
            have a sense of control on it.
            Paralanguage

            Paralanguage includes tone of voice, loudness, speed of speech, pausing, and even silence. This helps you understand
            the context and the meaning of the words used in the communication.

            A cold tone of voice might suggest that you are actually not fine and don't wish to discuss it. A bright and happy tone of
            voice will reveal that you are happy with the things going around in your life. Silence or vocal pauses can communicate
            hesitation, the need to gather thought or serve as a sign of respect.
            Haptics

            Haptics is the power of touch in communication. Each touch conveys emotions and feelings in a physical form with a
            unique message like fear, disgust, love, encouragement, gratitude, sympathy, anger, pain, violence etc. Studies have
            shown that it plays a very important role in the proper development of babies and in animals it works as a sign of
            love and care. You may begin your interaction with people by shaking hands and making casual conversation. This
            interaction can help establish trust before you start addressing your audience.

            Advantages of Non-Verbal Communication
            Some of the advantages of non-verbal communication are:
            •  It is used as complimentary with verbal communication to enhance the effect of communication.
            •  Information can be easily presented in non-verbal communication through gesture, body language, etc. A teacher
              with a finger on the lips conveys not to talk and sit quietly to the whole class. A person addressing a crowd uses
              voice modulation to get the attention of the crowd. Sometimes nodding your head to say yes is enough to convey
              the message.
            •  Using  gestures,  facial  expressions,  eye  contact,  touch,  etc.  can  be  very  helpful  for  the  illiterate  and  physically
              challenged, especially with hearing and speaking problems.
            •  It is useful and easy method of communication where no common language is required to master.
            •  It is a fast method of communication as gestures have more impact than words.

            Disadvantages of Non-Verbal Communication
            Some of the disadvantages of non-verbal communication are:
            •  Since it uses gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, touch, signs, sound, etc. for communication, there are chances
              of misinterpretation of the message required to be delivered.
            •  Different cultures use different ways of non-verbal communication. The difference in message can lead to negativity
              and offense. For example, people who speak less and are less interactive are considered cold and arrogant. However,
              the Japanese admire silence and consider it as a key to success.
            •  Non-verbal communication does not follow any rules or structures, therefore people unconsciously may engage in
              non-verbal movements which are considered offensive.
            •  It is not suitable for long and lengthy messages as the actual message may get lost in a lengthy and time-consuming
              conversation.
            •  Sometimes it is an incomplete form of communication and needs a support of verbal communication for effective
              and meaningful delivery of a message.
            •  Distant communication is not possible using non-verbal communication.


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