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UNIT                                                         Database

               3                                           Management System









                   Topics Covered                                                                          95%

                     Database                                          Elements of a Database
                     Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)     Steps to Create a Table
                     Data Types in Database                            Database Objects
                     Inserting a New Record in a Table                 Referential Integrity
                     What are Relationships?                           What is a Query?
                     Steps for Creating Queries                        Structured Query Language(SQL)
                     What is a Form?                                   What is a Report?


            Data is a collection of values in the form of text, numbers, dates, images, audio, video, etc. Some of the examples of
            data are name, age, address of a student, amount and price of an item bought from the market. This collection of
            related data arranged in the form of rows and columns will form structured data.

            The structured data can be of any two types, which are as follows:
            •  Flat file: It stores data in a plain text format. Though the data is in the form of rows and columns, data constraints
              cannot be applied and there are chances of data redundancy. For example: data created using tabs or commas in
              Word, csv  file, Spreadsheet file, etc.
            •  Relational File: It stores data of different data types like text, number, date in the form of rows and columns to form
              a table. These tables are linked through a common field, so there are no chances of duplicate data.


                    DATABASE

            We are using a database in almost every field. It is used by the school to store information about students and books
            in the library. When we go shopping then the shopping complex uses a database to maintain the details of stock and
            customers. Companies use databases to keep track of their employees' information. In almost every field, we are
            directly or indirectly using a database.

            To store and manage the data in a database electronically we use a Database Management System software. Some of
            the commonly used Database software are as follows:
            •  Oracle                 •  MySql                   •  SQL Server             •  MongoDB
            •  Microsoft Access       •  FileMaker Pro           •  dBase                  •  OpenOffice Base

            OpenOffice Base is an open source RDBMS. In this unit, we will learn Database concepts using OpenOffice Base.
            Advantages of Database

            Some advantages of database are as follows:
            •  Reduces Data Redundancy: Data Redundancy means keeping multiple copies of the same data in a System. Using
              DBMS the data in tables are interlinked through a common column to avoid duplicate entries. Data constraints are
              applied to store data based on a criteria.

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