Page 125 - Trackpad IT-402_Class-IX
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The given methods for conserving food are used at different stages of food transfer from producer to consumer level:
• Cooling: Some varieties of food can be refrigerated or some can be frozen to stop the growth of harmful
microorganisms like bacteria, mould, fungi, etc. on the food, thus preventing it from being unfit for consumption.
• Heating: Microorganisms are destroyed by heat at specific temperature. This process includes pasteurisation,
cooking and sterilisation.
• Removing moisture from food: This will hinder the growth of microorganisms on food by drying, salting, pickling,
sugaring and smoking food.
• Use of Preservatives: Food preservatives like Sodium Benzoate, Parabens, Formaldehyde, etc. are used to increase
the shelf life of food items by keeping it fresh for a long time.
Forest Conservation
Forest is an important renewable resource and is made up of living and non-living components. It has plants in the
form of trees, shrubs, climbers, grasses and herbs. It provides us food, fodder, fibre, fruits and fuel. It also regulates the
temperature of a place and helps in conservation of soil. To conserve this natural vegetation that exists from thousands
of years, follow the given methods:
• Control deforestation: Due to rapid urbanisation and building up of dams, forests are cut to clear land. Cutting
should be regulated by :
w Clear cutting method: If the same types of trees are available over a large area, then trees of the same age group
can be cut down in a selected area and then marked for replantation.
w Selective cutting method: Only mature trees are selected for cutting. This process is to be followed in rotation.
w Shelter wood cutting method: Trees are cut on the basis of their utility of providing timber. Trees of less importance
are cut first followed by trees of moderate importance and at the end the best tree is considered.
• Control forest fire: Fire in forest sometimes occurs due to natural processes like lightning or friction between
trees during speedy winds. Sometimes, intentional or unintentional human activities may also cause fire in forest.
Precautions must be taken for such incidents like making fire lanes, spreading chemicals to control fire, clearing out
dry leaves and trees, etc. There must be a trained staff of fire-fighters to control the fire.
• Afforestation and Reforestation: Afforestation is the process of planting more trees on land with few or no trees
i.e. creating a new forest. Reforestation is the process of planting more trees in an existing forest with less number
of trees due to forest fire or excessive cutting. These two methods will help restore the natural vegetation which is
important for maintaining the ecological balance.
Green Skills-I 125

