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The components required to build a network are:
Sender: A sender is a computer that wants to send information to another computer
connected to the network.
Receiver: A receiver is a computer that is expecting the data from another computer on the
network.
Transmission Medium: The transmission medium, usually a wire or a cable, is what enables
you to transfer data from one computer to another. Wireless communication between
networked computers and peripherals is also possible.
Message: A message is the information or data that needs to be transferred from one
computer to another.
Protocol: A protocol is a set of standard rules used for communication.
REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPUTER NETWORKING
To establish a computer network, we need some peripherals. Let us take a look at some of the
peripherals required to establish a network.
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
The NIC joins a computer to a network and allows it to communicate
with other computers on the network.
HUB
A hub is a networking device that allows us to connect multiple computers to a single network. A
hub works on the physical layer. It takes the input data from one of the
ports and broadcasts the information to all other ports connected to
the network. It has no decision-making capability, so it's a non-
intelligent device. Only one transmission takes place on a network at a
particular time.
SWITCH
A switch has a decision-making capacity, so it is called
an intelligent device that works in the data link layer.
It has the knowledge of the machine and addresses of
the ports in the network. A switch is a secure device that
establishes a link between the sender and the receiver,
based on the machine addresses to transmit information.
Networking Concepts 9

