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It has two main functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. IP                           Bandwidth is generally in bits per second (bps) or Bytes per second (Bps), Kilobytes per second
                  addresses are written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1.                                    (Kbps) and Megabytes per second (Mbps). There can be various types of bandwidth which are
                                                                                                                                            network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.
                  DNS
                  A  Domain Name  System (DNS) is  a  naming  system  for assigning  names  to  the  computers,

                  services, or other resources connected to the network. This name is known as a domain name.                                       TYPES OF NETWORKS
                  For example, the domain name in the www.yahoo.co.in URL is yahoo.co.in. This domain name is                               Networks can be classified on the basis of their size, complexity and the geographical area covered
                  internally converted into IP address.                                                                                     by them. Let us understand these categories in detail.


                  WEB PAGE                                                                                                                  PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
                  A single digital page on the World Wide Web (WWW) that contains information and links to other                            PAN refers to the privately-owned network. Pan is used to
                  pages is called a web page. Web pages are created by using the HyperText Markup Language                                  establish communication amongst the computers within the
                  (HTML).                                                                                                                   range of 20 to 30 feet. This type of network can be wired or

                                                                                                                                            wireless.
                  WEBSITE

                  A website is a collection of web pages which are interlinked to each other. A website may contain
                  thousands of web pages.                                                                                                                                LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
                                                                                                                                                            Workstation
                                                                                                                                                                         LAN  is a digital communication system that interconnects a larger
                  WEB PORTAL                                                                                                                                    Server   number of computers and other peripheral devices within a radius of

                  A website that is specifically designed to provide a single point of access for information is called                                                  less than 1 km. This type of network is useful when you want to connect
                  a web portal. Web portals are also known simply as portals. The major difference between a                                                             two different departments in a building (e.g. an office, a building or
                  website and a web portal is that a portal works as a gateway to WWW and provides several                                                               a factory). The hardware as well as software resources are shared
                  services. On the other hand, a website may provide only some limited services.                                                                         through LANs. Your school lab is an example of a LAN.


                  HYPERTEXT
                                                                                                                                            CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)
                  The text that has a special feature of connecting one web page to another is called hypertext.
                                                                                                                                            CAN connects two or more LANs that are limited to                             Campus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Area
                  LINK                                                                                                                      specific geographical areas. For example, a college                         Network
                                                                                                                                            campus, office building, etc. A campus area network is
                  A link can be defined as a web address that is used to make connectivity between web pages.
                                                                                                                                            larger  than  LAN  since  it  may  span  multiple  buildings

                  HYPERLINK                                                                                                                 within a specified area.
                  A hyperlink is simply a part of the Web page that is linked to a URL. A hyperlink can appear as

                  text, an image, or a navigational tool such as a button or an arrow. When you click on a hyperlink,                                                             METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
                  you will jump to the URL specified by the hyperlink. Hyperlinked text usually looks different from                              LAN                LAN          MAN consists of two or more local area networks or campus
                  the normal text on a Web page. It is often underlined but can be formatted in a number of ways.                                                                 area networks together that usually spans several buildings
                                                                                                                                                                                  in the same city or town. It covers an area ranging from 10
                  BANDWIDTH
                                                                                                                                                                                  to 100 km. For example, the Internet services provided to
                  The capability of a transmission medium to transmit the maximum amount of data from one                                                                         users in a city or the ATM network of any area fall under
                  computer to another over a computer network in a given amount of time is called bandwidth.                                                LAN                   MAN.






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