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The components required to build a network are:

                     Sender: A  sender  is  a  computer  that  wants  to  send  information  to  another  computer
                     connected to the network.

                     Receiver: A receiver is a computer that is expecting the data from another computer on the
                     network.

                     Transmission Medium: The transmission medium, usually a wire or a cable, is what enables
                     you  to transfer  data  from  one computer  to  another. Wireless communication  between
                     networked computers and peripherals is also possible.

                     Message: A  message  is  the  information  or data  that  needs  to  be  transferred from one
                     computer to another.


                     Protocol: A protocol is a set of standard rules used for communication.



                            REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPUTER NETWORKING

                 To establish a computer network, we need some peripherals. Let us take a look at some of the
                 peripherals required to establish a network.


                 NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)

                 The NIC joins a computer to a network and allows it to communicate
                 with other computers on the network.


                 HUB
                 A hub is a networking device that allows us to connect multiple computers to a single network. A
                                            hub works on the physical layer. It takes the input data from one of the
                                            ports and broadcasts the information to all other ports connected to

                                            the  network.  It has no decision-making  capability,  so  it's  a  non-
                                            intelligent device. Only one transmission takes place on a network at a
                                            particular time.


                 SWITCH
                 A switch has a decision-making capacity, so it is called

                 an intelligent  device  that  works in  the  data  link  layer.
                 It has the knowledge of the machine and addresses of
                 the ports in the network. A switch is a secure device that
                 establishes a link between the sender and the receiver,
                 based on the machine addresses to transmit information.








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